湘东北文家市蛇绿混杂岩带的发现及意义

在湘东北文家市首次识别出蛇绿岩套残片 ,它由变沉积岩、变玄武岩、变辉绿岩、变辉长岩、变辉石岩类及变硅质岩组成。综合其地质学、岩石学、地球化学和同位素年代学的资料 ,提出文家市蛇绿岩可能形成于有限小洋盆的构造环境。文家市蛇绿混杂岩带、前陆盆地、磨拉石建造和“S”型花岗岩等构造岩石组合记录了碰撞造山的全过程 ,证实了江南雪峰古陆属元古宙造山带。这一发现为华南前寒武纪的大地构造格架和地壳演化提供了依据 ,同时该地区也将成为研究早期华南大陆地壳演化———武陵运动的关键地带。     

Episodic crustal growth in the Tanzania Craton: evidence from Nd isotope compositions

The analysis of available Nd isotope data from the Tanzania Craton places important constraints on the crust-mantle separation ages, and events marking juvenile crustal addition and crustal recycling. Nd model ages date the oldest crust extraction to 3.16 Ga in the Tanzania Craton, although a rock record of such antiquity is yet to be found there. The most significant period of juvenile crustal addition as well as crustal recycling is 2.7–2.6 Ga. The Nd isotopes of mafic samples show that chemical heterogeneity existed in the mantle beneath the Tanzania Craton, with some samples originating from significantly depleted mantle, and most samples originating from the mixture of primitive mantle and depleted mantle. The Nd isotope section reveals significant differences in Nd isotopes between the north craton and central craton; compared to the north craton, the central craton yields a Nd model age that is approximately 100 Ma older, and its ε_Nd(t) values are more negative, indicating that the two parts of the craton have different mantle source regions. Different types of granitoids are distributed in the Tanzania Craton, such as high-K and low-Al granite, calc-alkaline granite, peraluminous granite and transitional types of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorites (TTGs). Most of the granitoids formed later than the mafic rocks in syn-collision and post-collision events.     

保山西邑铅锌矿采选工程RQD与RBI对比研究

用岩石质量指标和岩体块度指数的理论,对钻孔岩心实测资料进行分析和对比研究,对钻孔周围岩体进行分级。结果表明:岩体块度指数在岩石质量评价中能更准确地反映其优越性,具有更为显著的工程意义。     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区奥陶系鹰山组台内滩储层地层特征对比研究:以石灰窑和大湾沟剖面为例

塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩礁滩体储层已经成为当前油气勘探的热点.以塔里木盆地柯坪地区石灰窑和大湾沟露头剖面为例,对奥陶系鹰山组台内滩地层的岩相组成及层序地层特征两个方面进行深入对比研究,并在此基础上分析了碳酸盐岩台内滩地层发育的控制因素.结果表明:(1)石灰窑地区和大湾沟地区鹰山组地层发育特征存在差异,石灰窑剖面以薄层颗粒灰岩...     

华熊地块中生代岩浆作用的物质继承性

中生代是华熊地块最重要的岩浆作用时期。通过对其中主要地体中燕山期改造型花岗岩和同熔型花岗岩的同位素研究,结合其形成物质背景和地质特征,认为它们的物质特征主要取决于它们继承各自不同的地体物质(特别是基底物质)和同一地体物质的多少程度。地体及其中生代岩浆作用的构造环境是解释这一继承机理的主要因素。     

华南地块西南缘格林威尔期区域构造解析

从构造变形的角度入手,通过观察华南地块西南缘前震旦纪各岩石单元野外露头上的变形特征,运用构造解析方法,识别出不同期次变形构造的形态和位态特征及其在空间上的组合关系,划分变形构造的世代,结合近年来年代学研究成果,确定不同期次变形构造形成时代。研究表明,在华南地块西缘基底岩石单元中,发育格林威尔期的变形构造,其构造形迹东西向展布,该期构造变形的强度,在康滇地区各岩石单元中具有不均匀性,在野外露头上见到的格林威尔期小型紧闭、倒转褶皱主要分布在攀枝花周边的基底岩石单元中,而其南部的滇中地区,同期的褶皱构造相对较弱。根据格林威尔期构造位态特征,推断形成该期变形构造的构造运动方向为南北向的挤压运动。     

Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block (South China)

In the Yangtze Block (South China), a well-developed Mesozoic thrust system extends through the Xuefeng and Wuling mountains in the southeast to the Sichuan basin in the northwest. The system comprises both thin- and thick-skinned thrust units separated by a boundary detachment fault, the Dayin fault. To the northwest, the thin-skinned belt is characterized by either chevron anticlines and box synclines to the northwest or chevron synclines to the southeast. The former structural style displays narrow exposures for the cores of anticlines and wider exposures for the cores of synclines. Thrust detachments occur along Silurian (Fs) and Lower Cambrian (Fc) strata and are dominantly associated with the anticlines. To the southeast, this style of deformation passes gradually into one characterized by chevron synclines with associated principal detachment faults along Silurian (Fs), Cambrian (Fc) and Lower Sinian (Fz) strata. There are, however, numerous secondary back thrusts. Therefore, the thin-skinned belt is like the Valley and Ridge Province of the North American Applachian Mountains. The thick-skinned belt structurally overlies the thin-skinned belt and is characterized by a number of klippen including the Xuefeng and Wuling nappes. It is thus comparable to the Blue Ridge Province of Appalachia.The structural pattern of this thrust system in South China can be explained by a model involving detachment faulting along various stratigraphic layers at different stages of its evolution. The system was developed through a northwest stepwise progression of deformation with the earliest delamination along Lower Sinian strata (Fz). Analyses of balanced geological cross-sections yield about 18.1–21% (total 88 km) shortening for the thin-skinned unit and at least this amount of shortening for the thick-skinned unit. The compressional deformation from southeast to northwest during Late Jurassic to Cretaceous time occurred after the westward progressive collision of the Yangtze Block with the North China Block and suggests that the orogenic event was intracontinental in nature.     

Kriging Regionalized Positive Variables Revisited: Sample Space and Scale Considerations

Frequently, regionalized positive variables are treated by preliminarily applying a logarithm, and kriging estimates are back-transformed using classical formulae for the expectation of a lognormal random variable. This practice has several problems (lack of robustness, non-optimal confidence intervals, etc.), particularly when estimating block averages. Therefore, many practitioners take exponentials of the kriging estimates, although the final estimations are deemed as non-optimal. Another approach arises when the nature of the sample space and the scale of the data are considered. Since these concepts can be suitably captured by an Euclidean space structure, we may define an optimal kriging estimator for positive variables, with all properties analogous to those of linear geostatistical techniques, even for the estimation of block averages. In this particular case, no assumption on preservation of lognormality is needed. From a practical point of view, the proposed method coincides with the median estimator and offers theoretical ground to this extended practice. Thus, existing software and routines remain fully applicable.     

安徽滁州和管店早白垩世高镁埃达克质侵入岩的成因: 锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的制约

本文以华北陆块东部早白垩世滁州闪长玢岩和管店石英闪长岩为研究对象,报道了新的全岩地球化学（主量元素、微量元素以及Sr-Nd同位素）以及锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素的综合研究结果,进而约束其岩石成因和构造意义。滁州闪长玢岩中锆石发育振荡环带,管店石英闪长岩中锆石具条痕状吸收的特点,它们均为岩浆成因。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果显示,滁州和管店闪长质锆石年龄分别为128±1Ma和130±2Ma,表明二者均形成于早白垩世。地球化学特征显示,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的主量元素和微量元素组成,整体具中等的SiO₂含量（58.55%~60.12%）和富MgO（4.43%~5.10%,Mg^#=57~61）的特征,Na₂O/K₂O比值为1.20~1.47,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石;富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素（如Rb、Ba）,亏损重稀土元素和高场强元素（如Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf）,并具不同程度的Eu负异常（δEu=0.85~0.93）。它们具高的Sr（575×10^-6~1035×10^-6）和低的Y含量（10.2×10^-6~15.3×10^-6）以及高的Sr/Y比值（57~69）,属于埃达克质岩石。此外,滁州和管店闪长质岩石具有类似的Sr-Nd以及锆石Hf同位素的特征,滁州闪长玢岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始比值介于0.7061~0.7066之间,ε_Nd（t）值为-17.7~-16.9,锆石ε_Hf（t）值变化于-23.1~-19.1之间,而管店石英闪长岩的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始比值为0.7046~0.7059,ε_Nd（t）值为-18.7~-15.8,锆石ε_Hf（t）值为-25.6~-20.0。综合上述,滁州和管店闪长质岩石均属于高镁埃达克质岩石,起源于拆沉的加厚下地壳部分熔融的熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的产物,形成于早白垩世华北东部陆块拆沉作用下的伸展背景。

     

辽北地区早石炭世变质火山岩年代学和地球化学特征:对华北板块北缘东段构造演化的启示

华北板块北缘东段分布的构造混杂岩带为研究古亚洲洋的演化提供了重要的依据,"下二台岩群"作为该构造混杂岩带的重要组成部分,其形成时代和构造属性仍存在争议。详细的研究表明下二台地区变质火山岩原岩包括流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩,为一套钙碱性火山岩,属于准铝质-弱过铝质岩石,根据岩相学和地球化学特征将其分为变质酸性火山岩和变质中性火山岩;二者均相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,Eu负异常不明显,但变质中性火山岩稀土总量低于变质酸性火山岩,变质酸性火山岩明显亏损Sr、P元素,结合野外产出面积和高场强元素相关性特征,认为二者不是同一基性岩浆分异的产物。变质火山岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为341～348Ma,代表其原岩结晶年龄。变质酸性火山岩原始岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融,变质中性火山岩原始岩浆来自于俯冲带附近岩石圈地幔,并遭受了地壳物质的混染,二者均形成于活动大陆边缘火山弧环境。最新研究成果表明"下二台岩群"由不同时代、不同构造环境下形成的地质单元叠置混杂而成,称其为"下二台"构造杂岩更为准确。下二台地区变质火山岩表明在早石炭世初,古亚洲洋板块已经南向俯冲,在华北板块北缘形成活动大陆边缘弧环境,早石炭世变质火山岩原岩为这一俯冲阶段的产物。