华北克拉通晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群K－Ar年龄及地质意义

华北克拉通腹地山西地块内广泛发育大规模的晚前寒武纪镁铁质岩墙群。通过对晋北地区新平堡镁铁质岩墙群９个样品的Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄等时线分析，这些岩墙可能形成于１４３０Ｍａ．从山西各地所采集的６４个镁铁质岩墙群样品的Ｋ－Ａｒ表观年龄统计分析可见，华北克拉通腹地内广泛发育的镁铁质岩墙群主要形成于中元古代１０００～１８００Ｍａ间，活动高峰期在１２００～１６００Ｍａ。     

Fluorite Deposits at Voznesenka in the Khanka Massif, Russia: Geology and Age of Mineralization

Abstract. A huge fluorite deposit at Voznesenka in the Khanka massif, Far East Russia is concluded to have formed at ca. 450 Ma in Late Ordovician time based on the K‐Ar ages for Li‐micas in the fluorite ore and greisenized leucogranite within the deposit. This conclusion is inconsistent with the current view of Devonian mineralization that stemmed from widely scattered whole‐rock Rb‐Sr isotope data for the heterogeneous leucogranite stocks influenced by strong alteration. The Voznesenka and neighboring fluorite deposits may have formed in Cambrian limestone in relation to the intrusion of the Li‐F‐rich felsic magma which has a similar chemistry to representative Li‐F‐rich felsic rocks including topaz granite and ongonite or topaz rhyolite; these rocks may be classified as a specific group of highly fractionated felsic magmas. Biotite granite plutons exposed in the Voznesenka district are divided in age into two groups based on the CHIME age data for zircon, monazite and xenotime: Ordovician and Permian. The Ordovician plutons seem to be coeval to the fluorite deposits and are characterized by F‐rich chemistry, reduced nature and association of tin mineralization with the deposition of fluorite and tourmaline. The biotite granite magmas of initially enhanced F contents could have been highly fractionated to form Li‐F‐rich leucogranite cupolas that provided fluorite deposits within the host limestone. Future prospecting for similar fluorite deposits is to be focused on areas of intersection between Ordovician Li‐F‐rich granite and Cambrian carbonate sequences. The Permian granite of southeastern margin of the Grodekovo batholith is characterized by lesser F content, oxidized nature and the lack of tin and fluorite mineralization in contrast to the Ordovician granite. The result of Permian age does not support the current view of Silurian age for the batholith and requires overall chronological reinvestigation in connection with the tectonic history of the Khanka massif because the Grodekovo is a representative of Paleozoic batholiths in Primorie.     

Plio-Pleistocene basanitic and melilititic series of the Bohemian Massif: K-Ar ages,major/trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic data

The Plio-Pleistocene volcanic rocks of the Bohemian Massif comprise a compositional spectrum involving two series: an older basanitic series (6.0–0.8 Ma) and a younger, melilititic series (1.0–0.26 Ma). The former consists of relatively undifferentiated basaltic rocks, slightly silica-undersaturated, with Mg# ranging from 62 to almost primitive mantle-type values of 74. The major and trace element characteristics correspond to those of primitive intra-plate alkaline volcanic rocks from a common sub-lithospheric mantle source (European Asthenospheric Reservoir – EAR) including positive Nb, and negative K and Pb anomalies. ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.7032–0.7034 and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd of 0.51285–0.51288 indicate a moderately depleted mantle source as for other mafic rocks of the central European volcanic province with signs of HIMU-like characteristics commonly attributed to recycling of subducted oceanic crust in the upper mantle during the Variscan orogeny. The melilititic series is characterized by higher degrees of silica-undersaturation, and high Mg# of 68–72 values, compatible with primitive-mantle-derived compositions. The high OIB-like Ce/Pb (19–47) and Nb/U (32–53) ratios indicate that assimilation of crustal material was negligible. In both series, concentrations of incompatible elements are mildly elevated and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7034–0.7036) and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios (0.51285–0.51288) overlap. Variations in incompatible element concentrations and isotopic compositions in the basanitic series and melilititic series can be explained by a lower degree of mantle melting for the latter with preferential melting of enriched mantle domains. The Sr and Nd isotopic compositions of both rock series are similar to those of the EAR. Minor differences in geochemical characteristics between the two series may be attributed to: (i) to different settings with respect to crust and lithospheric mantle conditions in (a) Western Bohemia (WB) and (b) Northeastern Bohemia (NEB) and the Northern Moravia and Silesia (NMS) areas, (ii) a modally metasomatized mantle lithosphere in WB in contrast to cryptically metasomatized domains in the NEB and NMS, (iii) different degrees of partial melting with very low degrees in WB but higher degrees in NEB and NMS. The geochemical and isotopic similarity between the Plio-Pleistocene volcanic rocks and those of the late Cretaceous and Cenozoic (79–6 Ma) suggests that their magmas came from compositionally similar mantle sources, that underwent low degrees of melting over an interval of ∼80 Ma. The Oligocene to Miocene basanitic series that accompanied the Plio-Pleistoicene basanitic series in the NMS region indicate that they shared a common mantle source. There is no geochemical evidence for thermal erosion of the lithospheric mantle or significant changes in mantle compositions within the time of a weak thermal perturbation in the asthenospheric mantle. These perturbations were caused by a dispersed mantle plume or passively upwelling asthenosphere in zones of lithospheric thinning.     

油气储层中自生伊利石K-Ar同位素年代学研究若干问题的初步探讨

对油气储层中自生伊利石K Ar体系产生影响的有关问题如砂岩岩性、伊利石 /蒙皂石间层矿物的间层比和绿泥石进行了初步试验和讨论。结果表明 :中、细砂岩的应用效果相对较好 ,粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩则难度较大 ;I/S有序间层的应用效果相对较好 ,I/S无序间层则难度较大 ;绿泥石对自生伊利石K Ar体系测年结果的影响不明显。油气注入可能是引起伊利石成岩作用终止的原因之一。最后对各种典型年龄剖面可能的成因解释进行了简要介绍和初步探讨。     

中国K-Ar法地质年龄标准物质ZBH-15黑云母的研制

为满足K-Ar定年中K和40Ar*分析的质量监控及Ar-Ar定年时中子通量监测的需要,我国氩同位素专家研制了一种K-Ar法年龄标准物质———采自北京房山花岗闪长岩体的ZBH-15黑云母。其40Ar/39Ar阶段加热实验结果表明,年龄谱平坦,39Ar析出量高达98.3%。坪年龄为132.2±0.2 Ma,总气体年龄为131.3±0.5 Ma,证明该黑云母结晶以后未受过热扰动。36Ar/40Ar-39Ar/40Ar反等时线年龄为132.3±0.8 Ma,40Ar/36Ar初始值为293.9±1.4,与大气氩丰度比值(295.5±0.5)处于同一范围,表明该样品不含过剩氩。在0.05显著性水平下经统计学检验,证明K和40Ar*的F值小于F临界值,说明该样品是均匀的。国内外7个实验室参加了K和40Ar*的定值分析。用同位素稀释法测定40Ar*含量,火焰光度法测定K含量。统计检验结果显示,K和40Ar*的全部定值数据服从正态分布并具等精度。定值分析结果的认定值及不确定度分别为:40Ar*=(1.814±0.014)×10-9mol/g,K=7.59%±0.02%,K-Ar年龄t=132.8±1.3 Ma(2σ)。此标准物质纯度为98.8%,粒度为0.15~0.25 mm,重量为2070 g,缩分成225瓶,每瓶9.2 g。可供我国K-Ar和Ar-Ar法实验室使用43 a。     

青海省都兰县五龙沟金矿主断裂带断层泥K-Ar定年

应用K-Ar法对青海省都兰县五龙沟金矿主断裂带内的3个断层泥样品进行同位素测定,以确定该脆性断裂的活动时代,初步探讨该段脆性断裂与成矿之间的关系.测试得到的断层泥样品中自生伊利石的年龄为（185.54±3.06） ～（165.11 ±3.28） Ma,表明该矿床内的脆性断裂活动时代为早侏罗世晚期—中侏罗世,结合野外地质情况,推测脆性断裂的活动对成矿起到了改造和破坏的作用.     

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗的梅勒图组

内蒙古阿巴嘎旗北部的梅勒图组呈北东向展布,向北东延入蒙古,区域地质调查归于二连打布苏组一岩段(K2e1),经剖面测制、采样分析等综合研究,该地层应属于梅勒图组,岩性组合为安山玄武岩、玄武岩、玄武安山岩、辉石安山岩等。辉石安山岩全岩K-Ar年龄为122～136Ma,为早白垩世岩浆喷溢活动的产物。该火山岩形成于伸展构造环境,物质来源于上地幔。     

沁水盆地石炭—二叠系煤层气成藏期研究

根据储层的成岩序次、油气包裹体特征及含烃盐水包裹体均一温度,自生伊利石K-Ar同位素年龄,结合构造热演化史及裂变径迹资料,对沁水盆地石炭—二叠系煤层及顶板砂岩煤层气成藏期次进行了综合研究。认为该气藏主要有两大油气充注过程:第一期发生在三叠纪末—早侏罗世,山西组、太原组主力煤层普遍处于成熟阶段,主要生成液烃、气液烃包裹体;第二期发生在晚侏罗世—早白垩世,对应于干酪根裂解气阶段,为煤层气大量生成阶段,是石炭—二叠系煤层气的主要成藏期。山西组顶板砂岩样品自生伊利石年龄约为191Ma,表明早侏罗世,伴随盆地抬升,从煤层中解吸附的油气向砂岩储层充注的最早时间。     

小兴安岭逊克地区第四纪高镁安山岩的岩石学、K-Ar年代学及火山地质特征

黑龙江省小兴安岭北段逊克地区出露大面积的第四纪火山岩,分布面积约3000km~2。岩性主要为玄武安山岩和玄武质粗面安山岩,还有少量的粗面安山岩和安山岩。逊克火山岩的Si O2含量为54.3%~57.4%,MgO含量变化为3.82%~5.80%,镁指数(Mg#=100×Mg/(Mg+Fe~(2+))变化于49.6~57.8之间,属于高镁安山岩。逊克高镁安山岩火山口的位置分布在火山岩区的南面,根据火山岩区南高北低的地势,推测北边的火山岩是由南侧的岩浆向北流动形成的。岩浆流动形成了具有特征性的火山地貌,如沿河谷形成数公里长的石垄以及大面积的翻花熔岩形成的石海景观。火山岩的K-Ar测年结果表明,逊克高镁安山岩可以划分为早更新世(1.12~1.00Ma)和中更新世(0.68~0.25Ma)两期。在第四纪熔岩和河湖相沉积之间还夹有薄层火山灰,推测在岩浆溢流形成大面积熔岩之前有小规模岩浆爆发活动。     

西藏班公湖—怒江西段舍马拉沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩年龄测定——兼论班公湖—怒江蛇绿岩带形成时代

对班公湖-怒江西段舍马拉沟蛇绿岩中层状辉长岩的Sm-Nd、K-Ar同位素测定结果表明,Sm-Nd内部等时线年龄为(191 22)Ma,K-Ar年龄为(140 4．07)Ma和(152．30 3．60)Ma,结合地质资料分析,认为前者代表了洋盆张开年龄为早侏罗世,后者代表受到洋壳俯冲影响的时问;根据中段、东段蛇绿岩带已有的资料,讨论了班公湖-怒江蛇绿岩带的洋盆张开时代、俯冲时间及闭合时代,认为班公湖-怒江洋盆可能在早侏罗世自东向西同时张开,中侏罗世开始极性向南的俯冲,洋盆最终在早侏罗世末封闭。