二阶非线性随机海浪波面高度和波面垂直速度的联合分布

基于Longuet－Higgins提出的非线性随机海浪模型，在二阶近似下通过直接计算联合分布的各阶矩，导出了非线性海浪波面高度和波面垂直速度的联合分布。该分布为非正态，其形式为截断的级数，而非由累积矩母函数方法可能得到的渐近无穷级数。由于非线性的影响，波面高度与波面垂直速度不再相互独立。     

A multilaminate constitutive model accounting for anisotropic small strain stiffness

In this paper an extension of existing multilaminate soil models is presented, which can account for inherent and stress‐induced cross‐anisotropic elasticity in the small strain range and its dependency on the load history. In the multilaminate framework, material behaviour is formulated on a number of local planes in each stress point, and the macroscopic response of the material is obtained by integration of the local contributions. Strain‐induced anisotropy, which adds to the stiffness anisotropy inherently present in the material, is therefore intrinsically taken into account. Micro–macro relations between local parameters on plane level and global parameters on macroscopic level are obtained by the spectral decomposition of the global elastic compliance matrix. The model is implemented into a finite‐element code, and model predictions are compared with experimental data of triaxial tests on different soils involving small and large load cycles. The importance of cross‐anisotropic elasticity within the small strain range for predicting ground deformations in geotechnical boundary value problems is discussed at the example of an excavation problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of piled raft with nodular pile subjected to vertical load using a Winkler model approach

An investigation is made to present analytical solutions provided by a Winkler model approach for analysis of piled rafts with nodular pile subjected to vertical loads in nonhomogeneous soils. The vertical stiffness coefficient along a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is derived from the displacement given by the Mindlin solution for elastic continuum analysis. The vertical stiffness coefficients for the bases of the raft and the nodular part in the nodular pile in a soil are expressed by the Muki solution for the 3‐D elastic analysis. The relationship between settlement and vertical load on the pile base is presented considering the Mindlin solution and the equivalent thickness in the equivalent elastic method. The interaction factor between the shaft of the nodular pile and the soil is expressed taking into account the Mindlin solution and the equivalent elastic modulus. The relationship between settlement and vertical load for a piled raft with the nodular pile in nonhomogeneous soils is obtained by using the recurrence equation of influence factors of the pile for each layer. The percentage of each load carried by both nodular pile and raft subjected to vertical load is represented through the vertical influence factors proposed here. Comparison of the results calculated by the present method for piled rafts with nodular piles in nonhomogeneous soils has shown good agreement with those obtained from the finite element method and a field test. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Prediction of the shaft resistance of nondisplacement piles in sand

Using pile segment analysis, the mobilized shaft resistance of axially loaded nondisplacement piles in sand is investigated here. It is accepted that the shaft capacity of piles constructed in granular soils is highly influenced by the mechanical behavior of soil–structure interfaces forming adjacent the piles skin. Adopting the thin interface layer as a load transfer mechanism, a simple but accurate critical state compatible interface constitutive model is introduced. After evaluation, the interface model in conjunction with the pile segment analysis is applied for the prediction of the shaft resistance mobilized in nondisplacement piles. The proposed approach takes into account the influences of pile diameter and surface roughness together with the effects of the surrounding soil density and stiffness on the mobilized shaft resistance. The performance of the proposed method is verified by comparing its predictions with the experimental data of various model piles covering wide ranges of length, diameter, roughness, and surrounding soil properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new approach for vertical impedance in radially inhomogeneous soil layer

In the past studies on pile vibrations, the soil around the pile is mainly regarded as homogeneous or multi‐layered piecewise homogeneous. However, under most engineering conditions, the surrounding soil becomes seriously disturbed due to construction effects. This may strengthen or weaken the shear modulus of the soil resulting in the soil becoming radially inhomogeneous. As a consequence of this, El Naggar extended Novak's plane‐strain model to account for the radial inhomogeneity by the use of multiple springs connected in series. Rather than using this approach, this paper proposes a new model which is thought to be theoretically more rigorous and one which may be described as complex stiffness transfer model. It is shown that the solution developed in this study agrees well with the more limited solutions of Novak and Dotson and Veletsos under several special conditions. Finally, the scope of application has been enlarged as a result of the generalizations made in the present model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双排桩双梁组合支护刚度计算的改进与位移分析

双排桩支护组合体系作为一种新型悬臂类支护结构,其整体刚度的提升有利于保持基坑边侧的安全稳定。本文依托于张家口万全区某双排桩基坑支护工程案例,以现有双排桩冠梁刚度系数计算方法为基础,引入冠梁与连梁作用效应系数优化改进考虑连梁和冠梁作用的基坑矩形双排桩支护结构横向支撑刚度的计算方法,并对双梁组合支护体系下不同土性对双排桩前后排桩桩身最大横向位移的影响进行探讨。结果显示:（1）在双排桩结构计算中需考虑冠梁与连梁对双排支护桩的共同横向约束作用,并将冠梁与连梁的刚性连接作为一个整体以提高矩形双排桩双梁横向支撑刚度系数。（2）双梁组合支护体系组合刚度对桩顶位移有较大影响,组合刚度为40～50 MN/m下的位移与观测值较为贴近;冠梁计算长度与引入的冠梁与连梁作用效应系数对双梁组合支护体系组合刚度影响较大,计算长度对组合刚度呈负相关,效应系数对组合刚度呈正相关。（3）双梁组合支护体系下双排桩横向支撑刚度受前后排桩竖向与横向位移差影响,前后排桩桩身最大横向位移受土层内摩擦角、黏聚力和土体水平抗力比例系数影响;改变抗拉强度不会影响双排桩桩体位移。在基坑埋深以下及桩底范围内桩身存在位移拐点,拐点处各不同内摩擦角、不同黏聚力条件下位移相等。     

土工膜-土工布界面动力剪切特性试验研究

糙面土工膜（GMX）和无纺土工布（GT）是垃圾填埋场中周边衬垫系统的重要组成部分,其界面特性对于整体填埋场的稳定性尤为重要。但是,目前对GMX-GT界面的动力剪切特性研究较少。为此,利用大型直剪仪,开展了一系列全饱和条件及干燥条件下GMX-GT界面的循环剪切试验,主要研究了竖向应力、位移幅值和循环次数等对GMX-GT界面动力剪切特性的影响,并对比分析了全饱和及干燥两种条件下GMX-GT界面动力剪切特性的差异。研究结果表明,随着位移幅值的增加,GMX-GT界面呈现出由剪切硬化向剪切软化转变的特性。循环剪切作用使得界面的内摩擦角随着位移幅值的增加而增大。GMX-GT界面主要表现为剪缩特性,且总剪缩量随竖向应力、位移幅值和循环次数的增加而增加。剪切刚度随竖向应力和循环次数的增大而增大,随位移幅值的增大而减小。阻尼比随位移幅值的增大而增大,随循环次数的增加而减小,说明位移幅值会增加GMX-GT界面的能量的耗散。GMX-GT界面在干燥条件下的破坏模式与饱和条件下的存在明显差异,干燥条件下GT内部的破坏更加显著,全饱和条件下GMX表面的破坏更加明显。     

考虑扰动影响的土体小应变硬化模型参数试验研究及其在基坑工程中的应用

天然结构性土体容易受到各类施工扰动,导致土体物理力学性质改变,进而影响工程稳定、变形以及邻近环境。针对宁波两种典型土体,分别对原状土和轻、重扰动土以及重塑土开展了三轴试验及一维压缩试验,分析了扰动度对小应变硬化模型(HS-small model,简称HSS模型)主要参数的影响规律,并将其应用于宁波某基坑工程,利用Plaxis3D分析了考虑周边土体扰动影响的坑后土体水平位移变化。研究结果表明,扰动会使土体的强度及刚度参数降低。对于淤泥质黏土,轻扰动试样的参考切线模量E_oed^ref 、参考割线模量E₅₀^ref及参考加卸载模量E_ur^ref值分别降低14%、10%、2%,重扰动试样三参数分别降低43%、14%、15%,粉质黏土三参数也呈现相似降低趋势。在考虑土体扰动影响的情况下,基坑周边两个测斜孔的最大水平位移值分别增大13%、15%,更加接近实测值。研究结果可为小应变硬化模型的参数取值以及考虑扰动影响的基坑工程分析计算提供指导。     

考虑上部结构影响的山区桥梁支座刚度设计方法研究

为了合理计算山区桥梁支座刚度,针对桥墩高度不相同的特点,考虑上部结构对桥墩顶部的转动约束作用,提出在横桥向可将墩顶视为自由约束,而在纵桥向将墩顶视为定向约束。分别按照地震作用下各墩底剪力和弯矩相等的原则,推导桥梁支座纵、横桥向的刚度设计公式,并给出各桥墩支座的设计方法。为验证方法的正确性,以墩底剪力相等的原则为例,利用OpenSees建立一座墩高不等的5跨连续梁桥模型,并依支座刚度取值不同分三种工况:工况一各桥墩支座刚度相同;工况二按墩顶自由计算各支座的纵、横桥向刚度;工况三按墩顶定向约束计算各支座的纵、横桥向刚度。分别对三种工况下的桥梁结构输入三条地震动记录进行时程分析,考察各桥墩的底部剪力。分析结果表明:工况一各桥墩纵、横桥向的底部剪力均不相同;工况二各桥墩横桥向的底部剪力相同而纵桥向的底部剪力不同;工况三各桥墩纵桥向的底部剪力相同而横桥向的底部剪力不同。上述结果表明在桥梁支座设计时,横桥向桥墩的抗推刚度应按墩顶自由计算,而纵桥向桥墩的抗推刚度应按墩顶为定向约束计算。     

盾构隧道与矿山法隧道接合部施工工艺

深圳地铁2号线蛇海区间采用盾构法＋矿山法施工,但由于受地层及周边环境的限制,隧道接合部难以按原设计进行施工。经过研究比对,实际施工时采用了一种新的施工工艺,问题得以顺利解决,可供类似工程参考。