一次暴雨空报的诊断分析

实时天气系统的时空分布、多个物理要素、雷达回波特征都表现出24小时内鄂东地区及武汉单站有暴雨天气发生,结果暴雨空报。为了找到暴雨空报原因,对T213数值预报产品中多个物理要素进行诊断分析。首先根据物理量场分析鄂东地区暴雨是否产生;其次根椐物理量值分析武汉单站有否暴雨。结果表明：鄂东及武汉单站多个物理要素场和值不支持有暴雨产生。如：没有能量锋区、湿度锋区和水汽的辐合支持降水天气系统继续发展和加强,鄂东不会产生区域性暴雨。武汉单站涡度平流反映出低层正值高层负值,这种配置没有动力作用。垂直速度表明在汉口上空整层为下沉气流区,产生不了动力不稳定。单站ra和rf值表现出,前者为正值的水汽辐散;后者为小值。K指数不但没有达到K≥35℃以上,而且表现出逐日递减。这几种要素值都不支持单站次级环流的产生,所以,武汉不会发生暴雨。     

我国中部地区自动站与人工站气温的差异及原因分析

在我国,地面自动气象观测系统正在取代常规主要气象要素的观测,即人工观测的器测项目,新旧两种观测系统之间存在一定的差异。从气候科学的观点来看,这种差异会造成均一性数据集的开发以及极端天气事件的分析的误差甚至错误,所以将两种系统所获取的资料进行对比是非常必要的。计算了我国中部地区21个气象站2005年的年平均差值,对其中的6个国家基准气候站逐小时数据按照云量、风速、白天和黑夜进行分类对比,并将仪器所处环境、太阳辐射（夜间为辐射冷却）、仪器原理及观测方法的变化认为是气温差异产生的主要因素。研究表明：两种仪器观测的气温年平均差值基本上在±0.2℃之内。在上述差异因素中,大多数的台站仪器差异基本在±0.1℃之间,观测方法差异、仪器环境差异也比较小,而与太阳辐射有关的差异最大。     

电子全站仪模拟器软件的开发原理与实现

在Visual Basic 6.0环境下,探讨了电子全站仪模拟器软件开发的基本原理,分析了系统设计的结构框架,并以坐标测量为例介绍了其实现的过程.     

对地观测卫星地面站的站址选择和布局分析

现代小卫星技术是近些年来迅速发展起来的航天领域高新技术，利用该技术为地球观测服务是一件远景可观、意义深远的事情。在对地观测卫星的诸多关键技术之中，地面站的设计是一个很重要的方面。本文主要对对地观测卫星地面站的站址选择与布局进行了详细的讨论。     

南极中国长城站空气微生物含量监测(英)

The outdoor air borne microbial content over Great Wall Station, Antarctica has been monitored, including its diurnal variations and states in fair or foul weather conditions.The results obtained show: the concentration averaged 161. 9 CFU. m-3. When the weather condition was fair, its range of variation is 0～1 336. 2 CFU. m-3, the average value was 1488. 3 CFU. m-3,when the weather was foul, the range of variation was 471. 4-4 296. 8 CFU. m-3. The average value of air borne microbial number in either fair or foul weather was 383. 0 CFU. m-3. This value is over than 21 times that obtained during 1986/1987.The results seem to show that the influence of human activities have been increasing on Antarctic ecosystem. The diurnal variation of the outdoor air borne microbes shows that the peak of content appeared at about 01: 00, and the trough at about 13: 00 in a whole day. Analyses were made of the relationships between the microbial concentration with its related indexes, i. e. relevant air temperature relative humidity or wind force.The results showed some particularities as compared with those from the areas outside Antarctica.     

静海台地磁短周期变化异常与其附近地震的关系

近年来的一些研究表明,由于地城前孕震区地下介质的电磁结构的变化,将导致地磁短周期转换函数发生异常变化。本文通过对１９９１年唐山５．２、５．６级地城前后静海台地磁短周期转换函数参数的计算及其结果的分析和研究,提取出了可靠的地震短临前兆信息,确立了将其应用于唐山地区５级以上的震预报的短临异常特征及其指标。     

Quality control and homogeneity of Turkish precipitation data

Outlier trimming and homogeneity checking/correction were performed on the monthly precipitation time series of various lengths from 267 stations in Turkey. Outlier values are usually found during dry summer months, and are concentrated mostly over the southern parts of the country, where the dry period is most pronounced, implying natural extremes rather than wrong measurements. Homogeneity analysis was done using the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test, on an individual monthly basis, which led to many non‐testable series due to lack of reference stations, especially during summer months. Yet, remaining testable months were usually helpful for the assessment of homogenity, revealing a well distributed set of stations that proved to be homogeneous. There were still a number of stations which either could not be tested efficiently, or were classified as inhomogeneous. Lack of metadata is argued to be largely responsible for inefficient homogeneity testing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

上海天文台佘山工作站夜天亮度的变化

使用1994—2007年在1．56m反射望远镜CCD照相机拍摄的资料，测定了上海天文台余山工作站夜天亮度的变化。由于上海城市的发展，佘山工作站的夜天亮度在V波段从每平方角秒约19mag变到15．8mag，也就是说，夜天亮度自1994年以来变亮了约20倍。国际上优良台站的夜天亮度在V波段等于或暗于21．5mag。上述夜天亮度是优良台站的200多倍。现在在佘山工作站使用1．56m反射望远镜对暗于V=14mag的星做精确测光已经很困难了。     

GPS在地震仪器地理北方位定向中的应用

介绍了用GPS对台站数字化地震仪地理北方向的定位方法。试验表明,定向精度优于2′,完全满足地震仪器定向精度小于6′的要求。     

伊朗地震台网现状分析

通过中伊双方合作交流，详细考察了伊朗的地震台网。伊朗现建有4类台网:地震遥测台网、国家地震台网、强震台网及水库诱发地震台网。这些台网中高性能宽频带地震仪数量不足，使得地震定位精度不高;且4类台网分属不同机构，在一定程度上限制了伊朗的地震监测能力。