板块边界模型NNR-MORVEL56的研究

研究全球板块边界模型NNR-MORVEL56的建立方法,以及NNR-MORVEL56 与NNR-NUVEL1A在板块相对角速率、速率均方根方面的差异;讨论模型中引自PB2002的31个小板块对25个大板块角速率的影响,利用最新的、较全面的全球空间大地测量数据建立实测模型,与NNR-MORVEL56对比进行相关性分析,验证NNR-MORVEL56模型板块划分的合理性。提出借鉴NNR-MORVEL56边界划分方法,进行中国块体的研究。     

华北板块北缘中二叠统于家北沟组植物化石及其大地构造意义

通过对内蒙古赤峰市广兴源乡于家北沟组模式剖面植物化石和安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究,结合动物化石的分析,确认于家北沟组地质时代为中二叠世。于家北沟组植物化石以Gigantonoclea hallei Asama、Fascipteris sinensis Stockm. et Math.、Pecopteris taiyuanensis Halle、Pterophyllum daihoense Kaw.等众多华夏植物群典型分子为特征,属于典型的华夏植物群。目前,在中二叠世植物群中,从未发现有华夏和安加拉两大植物群的混生现象,这一事实进一步表明,中二叠世横亘于华北板块和佳蒙地块之间的古亚洲洋尚未闭合,在植物地理分布上起着重要的阻隔作用。     

氯盐渍土土-水特征曲线的试验研究

采用滤纸法和压力板法测定不同含盐量盐渍土的土-水特征曲线（SWCC）,探讨土中含盐量对盐渍土土-水特征曲线的影响。试验结果表明,粉土中含盐量对基质吸力土-水特征曲线的影响不大。采用滤纸法测得的总吸力与基质吸力之间的差值随着土中盐溶液浓度的增加而增加,且该差值要大于相同浓度纯盐溶液的渗透吸力,其原因是由于土颗粒表面对溶液吸附作用引起的,用滤纸法测得的基质吸力土-水特征曲线处于脱湿曲线和吸湿曲线之间。采用蒸汽平衡法测定Whatman 42号滤纸在高吸力阶段的总吸力的率定曲线,使得高吸力时用滤纸法测定吸力更为精确。     

直墙拱形巷(隧)道岩爆试验及劈裂与剪切分析

针对岩爆试验及监测研究的不足,开展了直墙半圆拱形巷（隧）道岩爆单轴压缩试验、声波监测及岩爆破裂的劈裂与剪切分析。结果表明,巷（隧）道围岩呈现起伏粗糙破裂面和劈裂后的薄块体,试样整体也呈现出明显的劈裂岩爆现象;波速可以很好地反映围岩内部损伤演化进程,将围岩波速由持续不变到开始变小点作为临界损伤点,可以通过监测波速变化进行围岩岩爆的预测预报;通过监测声波波形尤其是对波形稀疏、周期变长的监测,可以很好地掌握围岩内部的全程发展变化情况;通过综合监测声波的波速、波形稀疏、周期变长,达到定性、定量相结合,及时、准确地预测、预报岩爆,以保障人员、设备安全;得出了由应力强度比和压拉比来判定劈裂岩爆发生的综合表达式以及与应力强度比岩爆烈度分级标准相对应的压拉比数值;劈裂岩爆发生的应力强度比即应力判据在0.27～0.80之间（R为10～30时）;随着满足劈裂岩爆发生的应力强度比的增大,其越接近满足剪切破坏条件,破坏主要形式将向剪切破坏方向发展。     

利用Hudson裂隙模型分析井径变化对声波测井响应的影响

裂隙性介质因其复杂的结构和可观的藏储量一直是资源勘查领域的重点研究对象。基于Hudson裂隙理论对裂隙介质中不同裂隙参数（数密度、角度、纵横比）下变化井径的井场响应进行数值模拟,得到如下结果：在裂隙数密度较小的情况下,纵波、横波以及斯通利波幅度对井径变化响应较敏感;在裂隙角度较大的情况下,斯通利波幅度对井径变化响应较敏感;在裂隙角度较小的情况下,横波幅度对井径变化响应较敏感;在裂隙纵横比较小的情况下,纵波、横波以及斯通利波幅度对井径变化响应较敏感;在频率-波数二维谱中,随着井径的增大,波动激发强度峰值所在的频率带以及波动的首次激发频率都向低频区域移动。由此认为：弹性波在裂隙性介质中传播时在受井径变化的影响下产生规律性响应,应用Hudson裂隙理论模拟裂隙介质的井场响应可以系统地分析裂隙参数和井径变化对声波传播规律的影响,进而指导实地裂隙储层声波测井勘探工作。     

Review of research on sonar imaging technology in China

Over the past 20 years, sonar imaging technology particularly for the high-technology sector has been a focus of research, in which many developed countries, especially those with coast lines, have been competing with each other. It has seen a rapid development with increasing widespread applications that has played an important and irreplaceable role in underwater exploration with great prospects for social, economic, scientific, and military benefits. The fundamental techniques underlying sonar imaging, including multi-beamforming, synthetic-aperture and inverse synthetic-aperture sonar, acoustic lensing, and acoustical holography, are described in this paper. This is followed by a comprehensive and systematic review on the advantages and disadvantages of these imaging techniques, applicability conditions, development trends, new ideas, new methods, and improvements in old methods over recent years with an emphasis on the situation in China, along with a bold and constructive prediction to some development characteristics of sonar imaging technology in the near future in China. The perspectives presented in this paper are offered with the idea of providing some degree of guidance and promotion of research on sonar imaging technology.     

南黄海海底沉积物声学特性及其影响因素试验研究

利用自南黄海中西部海底取回的沉积物样品,对其声学特性及其影响因素进行了试验研究,结果显示,研究区海底沉积物的压缩波速为1.359 ~1.695 km/s,剪切波速为12.5 ~70.9 m/s;颗粒较细的沉积物与较低的压缩波速、剪切波速对应,主要集中在研究区东侧水深较深处;沉积物的物理力学性质对其压缩波速、剪切波速的影响较显著,沉积物的温度和换能器的频率对上述声学两参数也具有一定的影响,而沉积物的包含物及薄夹层等影响声波传播的理论计算结果。给出了研究区海底沉积物物理力学各参数与压缩波速、剪切波速之间的回归方程,以期为国防、工程提供基础资料。     

水声宽带信号波形预报技术研究

为了实现远程水下目标微弱信号检测,掌握远程传输后信号波形的特征,水声宽带信号波形预报技术是研究水下信号精细化特征研究的重要突破口之一.针对宽带信号,采用波束位移射线简正波(BDRM)频域合成波形预报算法和 BELLHOP 射线时域波形预报算法,获得宽带信号远程波形预报模型,并在浅海负跃层和深海声道两种典型海洋环境下,利用上述两种宽带波形预报算法,仿真计算了宽带信号远程波形,比较了两种波形预报算法精度.结果表明,在一定条件下,两种模型具有同等计算精度,可满足不同条件下的信号波形预报需求.     

Object detection and tracking method of AUV based on acoustic vision

This paper describes a new framework for object detection and tracking of AUV including underwater acoustic data interpolation, underwater acoustic images segmentation and underwater objects tracking. This framework is applied to the design of vision-based method for AUV based on the forward looking sonar sensor. First, the real-time data flow (underwater acoustic images) is pre-processed to form the whole underwater acoustic image, and the relevant position information of objects is extracted and determined. An improved method of double threshold segmentation is proposed to resolve the problem that the threshold cannot be adjusted adaptively in the traditional method. Second, a representation of region information is created in light of the Gaussian particle filter. The weighted integration strategy combining the area and invariant moment is proposed to perfect the weight of particles and to enhance the tracking robustness. Results obtained on the real acoustic vision platform of AUV during sea trials are displayed and discussed. They show that the proposed method can detect and track the moving objects underwater online, and it is effective and robust.     

Genetic diversity in two Japanese flounder populations from China seas inferred using microsatellite markers and COI sequences

Japanese flounder is one of the most important commercial species in China; however, information on the genetic background of natural populations in China seas is scarce. The lack of genetic data has hampered fishery management and aquaculture development programs for this species. In the present study, we have analyzed the genetic diversity in natural populations of Japanese flounder sampled from the Yellow Sea (Qingdao population, QD) and East China Sea (Zhoushan population, ZS) using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequencing data. A total of 68 different alleles were observed over 10 microsatellite loci. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 9, and the number of genotypes per locus ranged from 3 to 45. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity in QD were 0.733 and 0.779, respectively, and in ZS the heterozygosity values were 0.708 and 0.783, respectively. Significant departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed in 7 of the 10 microsatellite loci in each of the two populations. The COI sequencing analysis revealed 25 polymorphic sites and 15 haplotypes in the two populations. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity in the QD population were 0.746±0.072 8 and 0.003 34±0.001 03 respectively, and in ZS population the genetic diversity values were 0.712±0.047 0 and 0.003 18±0.000 49, respectively. The microsatellite data (F_st =0.048 7, P<0.001) and mitochondrial DNA data (F_st =0.128, P<0.001) both revealed significant genetic differentiation between the two populations. The information on the genetic variation and differentiation in Japanese flounder obtained in this study could be used to set up suitable guidelines for the management and conservation of this species, as well as for managing artificial selection programs. In future studies, more geographically diverse stocks should be used to obtain a deeper understanding of the population structure of Japanese flounder in the China seas and adjacent regions.