多年冻土区路基路面变形及应力的数值分析

针对青藏公路路基下发育多年冻土融化盘的实际情况,选择两种模型,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对冻土路基从修筑到开放交通过程中的路基路面位移及应力进行了分析.结果表明:冻土路基以融沉为主的变形,一般情况下以路中心下最大,变形呈凹形;当路基下融化盘偏移时,最大变形位置随之偏移;路面层底拉应力最大,对融沉变形反映敏感;路面顶部压应力最大值出现在轴载作用位置,面层应力对轴载反映敏感.计算模型断面尺寸、路基填料、路面结构等对青藏公路具有代表性,在3.6 m路基总高度条件下,无论路基下融化盘偏移与否,融化盘厚达0.5 m时路基顶部(路面层底)拉应力即达基层抗拉强度,显示路基融沉变形可能导致路基失稳及路面破坏,此时路基高度即达最大值.     

数字ADCP波束偏转公式的解算

波束偏转是由基阵旋转引起的.将Janus结构数字ADCP基阵旋转进行横滚、纵倾、航偏分解考虑,进而推导了波束偏转公式.     

浅海声信道文本信息传输研究

论文首先介绍浅海声信道声传输的基本特性,指出在此类信道中进行多媒体信息传输的特殊困难.随后论述了文本信息传输所具有的抗噪声、抗起伏等优良性能,较能适应于水声信道的复杂性和多变性,但属于较高速率的文本信息传输,多途干扰仍然是文本信息正确检测的根本障碍.文中分析了频率跳变技术克服时域扩散较短的浅海多途的可行性和需解决的关键技术.海上获得的初步实验结果说明了文本信息传输所具有的优越性,值得今后继续深入的研究.     

高分辨率测深侧扫声纳

文中介绍了由中国科学院声学研究所和美国亚迪技术开发（上海）有限公司联合设计和制造的高分辨率测深侧扫声纳,它能够同时获得高分辨率的海底地形和地貌。该声纳由电子分机和分别安装在载体左右两侧的两条声纳阵组成,最大工作水深6000m。声纳阵由一条发射线阵和10条间距为λ／2的接收线阵组成,λ为声波波长,其中8条线阵接收声信号,两边的两条为哑元。声纳的多子阵海底自动检测-子空间拟合信号处理方法能克服水声信道多途和复杂海底的影响,正确检测到海底的直达回波。2003年11月和2004年7月,声纳在中国浙江千岛湖进行两次长时间的湖试,获得了高分辨率湖底等深线图和地貌图,正确检测出湖底边长为0．5m立方体目标的高度。     

Variability of unsaturated Bromide fluxes as measured through a layered volcanic vadose zone in New Zealand

The measured drainage fluxes through a layered volcanic vadose zone exhibited high spatial variability as a consequence of heterogeneous flow conditions. The drainage flux variability was quantified using automated equilibrium tension lysimeters, installed in close‐proximity and resulted in high variability in the Br masses recovered from a conservative tracer experiment. The primary cause of the heterogeneous flow was attributed to textural changes occurring at the interface between volcanic layers, resulting in development of funnel‐flow patterns, and further enhanced by the existence of hydrophobic conditions. The Br recoveries in individual automated equilibrium tension lysimeters were used to determine the corresponding variable sizes of the surface areas contributing drainage to the lysimeters. The tracer experiment confirmed the existence of unsaturated lateral transport occurring at the sloping interface of the coarse Taupo Ignimbrite material with the silty Palaeosol layer at approximately 4.2 m depth. This study demonstrates that measurements of both flux and solute concentrations at multiple locations are essential when heterogeneous flow is suspected to be present, to be able to determine reliable estimates of contaminant leaching through the vadose zone at the plot scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Inter‐annual variations and factors controlling evapotranspiration in a temperate Japanese cypress forest

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of climatic variability on inter‐annual variations in each component of evapotranspiration (ET) and the total ET in a temperate coniferous forest in Japan. We conducted eddy covariance flux and meteorological measurements for 7 years and parameterized a one‐dimensional multi‐layer biosphere‐atmosphere model (Kosugi et al., 2006 ) that partitions ET to transpiration (Tr), wet‐canopy evaporation (E_wet), and soil evaporation (E_soil). The model was validated with the observed flux data. Using the model, the components of ET were estimated for the 7 years. Annual precipitation, ET, Tr, E_wet, and E_soil over the 7 years were 1536 ± 334 mm, 752 ± 29 mm, 425 ± 37 mm, 219 ± 34 mm, and 108 ± 10 mm, respectively. The maximum inter‐annual fluctuation of observed ET was 64 mm with a coefficient of variance (CV) of 2.7%, in contrast to relatively large year‐to‐year variations in annual rainfall (CV = 20.1%). Tr was related to the vapour pressure deficit, incoming radiation, and air temperature with relatively small inter‐annual variations (CV = 8.2%). E_soil (CV = 8.6%) was related mainly to the vapour pressure deficit. E_wet was related to precipitation with large inter‐annual variations (CV = 14.3%) because of the variability in precipitation. The variations in E_wet were counterbalanced by the variations in Tr and E_soil, producing the small inter‐annual variations in total ET. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于L—BFGS算法的全波形反演Q值方法研究

估计地层品质因子Q对描述地下构造分布和油气预测都有着重要的意义。考虑到地震波在介质中传播时的黏滞吸收作用,笔者选择2D黏滞性声波方程全波形反演,将观测波场与正演模拟计算得到的波场构建一个目标函数,引入L--BFGS算法反演出地层品质因子。将该方法应用于异常体模型和Marmousi模型测试,结果均表明反演的模型与理论模型的相对误差较小,计算精度高,反演效果好。     

内蒙古哈达门沟地区黑云母击象及其构造意义

黑云母击象构造是一种快速受力、脆性变形的产物。文章阐述了内蒙古哈达门沟地区新太古界乌拉山群变质岩中的黑云母发育的击象构造特征,认为黑云母击象明显受到退变质作用和混合岩化作用及韧性剪切作用,很可能是形成于新太古代末—古元古代初呼和浩特—包头断裂和临河—集宁断裂产生的地震作用中;新太古代岩石中黑云母击象的存在也证明了华北地块在新太古代末—古元古代初已经具备了较强的刚度,板块构造理论适用范围的最早时限很可能向前推移到新太古代。     

Hydroelastic Response of A Circular Plate in Waves on A Two-Layer Fluid of Finite Depth

The hydroelastic response of a circular, very large floating structure (VLFS), idealized as a floating circular elastic thin plate, is investigated for the case of time-harmonic incident waves of the surface and interfacial wave modes, of a given wave frequency, on a two-layer fluid of finite and constant depth. In linear potential-flow theory, with the aid of angular eigenfunction expansions, the diffraction potentials can be expressed by the Bessel functions. A system of simultaneous equations is derived by matching the velocity and the pressure between the open-water and the plate-covered regions, while incorporating the edge conditions of the plate. Then the complex nested series are simplified by utilizing the orthogonality of the vertical eigenfunctions in the open-water region. Numerical computations are presented to investigate the effects of different physical quantities, such as the thickness of the plate, Young’s modulus, the ratios of the densities and of the layer depths, on the dispersion relations of the flexural-gravity waves for the two-layer fluid. Rapid convergence of the method is observed, but is slower at higher wave frequency. At high frequency, it is found that there is some energy transferred from the interfacial mode to the surface mode.     

Numerical Study on the Effect of Submerged Depth on the Horizontal Plate Wave Energy Converter

The growing search for clean and renewable energy sources has given rise to the studies of exploring sea wave energy. This paper is concerned with the numerical evaluation of the main operational principle of a submerged plate employed for the conversion of wave energy into electrical one. The numerical model used to solve the conservation equations of mass, momentum and transport of volume fraction is based on the finite volume method (FVM). In order to tackle with the flow of mixture of air-water and its interaction with the device, the multiphase model volume of fluid (VOF) is employed. The purpose of this study is the evaluation of a numerical model for improvement of the knowledge about the submerged plate wave energy converter, as well as the investigation of the effect of the distance from the plate to the bottom of the sea (HP) on the performance of the converter. The simulations for several distances of the plate from the seabed show that the optimal efficiency is 64%, which is obtained for HP=0.53 m (88% of the depth). This efficiency is 17% larger than that found in the worst case (HP=0.46 m, 77% of the depth).