水下拖体声学超短基线定位测量及其卡尔曼滤波技术

水声超短基线定位技术是探测水下目标的有效手段。超短基线定位测得的原始数据具有不同程度的随机离散性。为了得到能够真实反映目标运动轨迹变化的坐标数据 ,本文应用了卡尔曼滤波技术来处理定位原始数据 ,取得了良好的结果     

动刚度和动力触探在强夯地基检测中的应用

随着碎石土强夯地基的推广应用，解决如何对其进行快速有效地检测，提供其准确的强度及变形参数问题，具有重要的经济及安全意义。提出了一种利用平板静力载荷试验、动力触探、地基动刚度测试三种基本手段，建立相关数学模型，主要应用后两种手段进行联合检测的新思路。并将相关数学模型以经验公式的形式进行了总结，对碎石土强夯地基的检测具有指导意义。     

基于等效声速剖面法的多波束测深系统声线折射改正技术

多波束测深技术是近几年比较流行的海洋勘测手段之一,其具有全覆盖、无遗漏、高精度和高效率等特点。多波束测深系统的声学原理和海水的不均匀性,使得声波在传播过程中发生声线的折射现象,对波束测点的最终位置的归算带来较大的误差。针对多波束数据后处理方法,介绍了利用等效声速剖面法对多波束测深系统的声线折射进行改正的一种新方法,并通过试验对比,证明了该方法可以提高多波束测深系统的整体测量精度。     

Geostatistical Simulation of Acoustic Log Data for Seismic Depth Conversion

Seismic reflection methods measure the time a seismic wave takes to travel through the ground, from the user defined source to a series of signal monitoring sensors known as geophones. The measured times need to be depth converted to allow for integration with other geological data. In order to convert from time to depth, an estimate of the rock volume velocity field must be made. The velocity field estimate can be made by assignment of velocity estimates to a geological model independent of the seismic processing. This article presents the results of using the acoustic geophysical log data extrapolated via sequential Gaussian simulation to derive the velocity field. The uncertainties associated with the velocity estimates were significant and provided the means to assess confidence limits for the actual depth determination. The technique is assessed by application to a major coal deposit, approximately 2.1 m thick and 210 m deep. Considering only the uncertainty associated with estimating the velocity field, half of the confidence interval values showed approximately 1 m of uncertainty in depth. The application of sequential Gaussian simulation to model the 3D distribution of acoustic velocity can be extended to other geophysical log parameters or derived estimates.     

Numerical comparison of different convergent plate contacts: subduction channel and subduction fault

At convergent plate boundaries, the properties of the actual plate contact are important for the overall dynamics. Convergent plate boundaries both mechanically decouple and link tectonic plates and accommodate large amounts of strain. We investigate two fundamental physical states of the subduction contact: one based on a fault and the other based on a subduction channel. Using a finite element method, we determine the specific signatures of both states of the subduction contact. We pay particular attention to the overriding plate. In a tectonic setting of converging plates, where the subducting plate is freely moving, the subduction channel reduces compression relative to the fault model. In a land-locked basin setting, where the relative motion between the far field of the plates is zero, the subduction channel model produces tensile stress regime in the overriding plate, even though the amount of slab roll-back is small. The fault model shows a stronger development of slab roll-back and a compressive stress regime in the upper plate. Based on a consistent comparison of fault and channel numerical models, we find that the nature of the plate contact is one of the controlling factors in developing or not of backarc extension. We conclude that, the type of plate contact plays a decisive role in controlling the backarc state of stress. To obtain backarc extension, roll-back is required as an underling geodynamic process, but it is not always a sufficient condition.     

塔里木西南缘新太古代变质辉长岩脉的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其地质意义

在塔里木西南缘发现多条变质辉长岩脉,经稀土和微量元素分析,辉长岩岩脉具有稀土总量较低、轻稀土和大离子亲石元素富集,重稀土和高场强元素亏损的特征。通过锆石SHRIMP法U-Pb测年,6个点207Pb/206Pb加权年龄平均值为(2675±12)Ma(MSWD=0.20);根据9个点获得的不一致曲线上交点年龄为(2671±13)Ma、下交点年龄为(287±16)Ma(MSWD=0.91)。2675Ma权重年龄或不一致曲线上交点2671Ma年龄代表变质辉长岩的结晶年龄;下交点(287±16)Ma年龄代表变质年龄。塔里木西南缘新太古代变质辉长岩脉的发现,证实塔里木西南缘存在太古宙古陆核,提供了华北克拉通新太古代古陆核裂解的岩浆活动记录,为该区地层划分对比以及古陆核早期构造演化提供了重要信息。     

井间地震层析成像技术在煤层气压裂监测的应用

大1-5井和大1-1井是沧县境内的两口煤层气井,为提高产能,增大气体解吸速率,对其进行了压裂施工.为测定压裂效果,使用DST-3井中声波探测系,对大1-1与大1-5两口煤层气井在压裂前后分别进行了地震层析成像测试,层析成像结果显示,压裂后煤层波速有明显下降,且在横向上变化均匀,表示压裂液扩散带基本连通,裂缝发育,压裂效果明显.为了验证层析成像的结果,将煤层气井的测井解释结果与层析成像结果做了对比,结果较吻合.     

井间声波层析成像技术在油田开发中的应用

这里叙述了在大港油田进行的羊11~12井和羊11~13井及港9~72~1井和港8~71~1井井间声波层析试生产的成果,层析图上含油砂体在二口井边棱的深度与以往地质和测井解释的油层深度相吻合,层析解释深度和测井解释的油层深度最大差异为0.8 m~1.6 m,并圈定了含油砂体的分布形态。表明了井间声波层析成像技术对查明油层横向分布,确定油层尖灭位置和圈定含油砂体的分布形态是有效的,同时也显示出井间声波层析成像作为一种油田开发、监测技术更具有潜力和应用前景。