北京市铁矿资源特征及开发利用建议

从北京市铁矿资源的地质矿产特征,矿床类型及其分布情况,矿石类型及其利用情况以及资源储量特征出发,重点分析了北京市铁矿资源的基本情况,从而把北京市铁矿划分为3个矿集区：库西北、库东北、库南铁矿矿集区,并对目前北京市铁矿的开发利用情况进行了分析,指出库西北,库东北铁矿矿集区在确保区内矿山企业适度发展的前提下,宜限制开采,作为战略储备,库南铁矿矿集区可以适度发展。     

The Cihai diabase in the Beishan region,NW China: Isotope geochronology,geochemistry and implications for Cornwall-style iron mineralization

Diabase dykes in Cihai, Beishan region, NW China are spatially and temporally associated with ‘Cornwall-type’ iron deposits. U–Pb dating of zircons from a diabase dyke using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) yields an age of 128.5 ± 0.3 Ma, indicating an Early Cretaceous crystallization age. Most of the diabases show low Mg-numbers, suggesting evolved magmas. The diabase dykes show typical ophitic or sub-ophitic textures, and are dominantly composed of phenocrysts of plagioclase (40–50%) and clinopyroxene (30–45%), with minor and varying amounts of biotite and hornblende (1–5%), and minor disseminated magnetite (∼5%). Their mineralogy reflects magma differentiation under relatively low oxygen fugacity conditions. The diabase dykes are characterized by minor variation in SiO₂ (44.67–49.76 wt.%) and MnO (0.14–0.26 wt.%), but show a marked range of Al₂O₃ (10.66–14.21 wt.%), total Fe₂O₃ (9.52–13.88 wt.%), TiO₂ (0.66–2.82 wt.%) and relatively high MgO (4.87–9.29 wt.%) with an Mg# value [atomic Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺)] of up to 66. The Cihai diabases possibly experienced fractional crystallization of olivine + clinopyroxene and minor crustal contamination during the differentiation process. Prominent negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies suggest derivation from subduction-modified mantle. Furthermore, the rocks have relatively unradiogenic Sr- and Nd-isotopic ratios. These characteristics probably reflect partial melting of a subduction component in the source mantle lithosphere through heat input from an upwelling asthenospheric mantle. Such processes probably occurred within an extensional setting during the Early Cretaceous in the Beishan area. The iron-rich fluids were derived from deep sources, and the iron ores were concentrated through a convection cell driven by temperature gradients established by the intrusion of the diabase sills. The combined processes of subduction-related enrichment in the source, shallow depth of emplacement, and the involvement of large-scale circulation of basinal brines from an evaporitic source are inferred to have contributed to the formation of the ‘Cornwall-type’ mineralization in Cihai.     

华北克拉通沉积变质型铁矿床的特征与预测评价模型

华北克拉通是我国面积最大、时代最古老的陆块,地质构造演化历史复杂,也是我国重要的铁矿资源分布区.本文在系统总结该区域成矿规律的基础上,利用GIS平台提取了多元成矿有利信息(变质建造、控矿构造、矿致磁异常、氧化铁异常、自然重砂信息).在此基础上,建立了沉积变质型铁矿床的找矿预测模型,并采用MRAS系统中的证据权模块进行矿产资源定量预测.按照后验概率的大小划分了两级区域有利成矿远景区,分别是冀东、辽东、五台-吕梁三个A级成矿远景区和大青山-色尔能腾山、鲁山-舞阳、鲁西三个B级成矿远景区.这些远景区与已知矿床(点)重叠或比邻,显示远景区具有较好的成矿条件和较大的成矿潜力,应在今后的找矿勘查工作中予以充分重视.     

The role of iron and sulfur in the visual appearance of lake sediment varves

Easily discernible sediment varves (annual laminations) may be formed in temperate zone lakes, and reflect seasonal changes in the composition of the accumulating material derived from the lake and its catchment (minerogenic and organic material). The appearance of varves may also be influenced by chemical processes. We assessed the role of iron (Fe) and sulfur (S) in the appearance of varves in sediments from Lake Nylandssjön in northern Sweden. We surveyed Fe in the lake water and established whether there is internal transport of Fe within the sediment. We used a unique collection of seven stored freeze cores of varved sediment from the lake, collected from 1979 to 2004. This suite of cores made it possible to follow long-term changes in Fe and S in the sediment caused by processes that occur in the lake bottom when the sediment is ageing. We compared Fe and S concentrations using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) in specific years in the different cores. No diagenetic front was found in the sediment and the data do not suggest that there is substantial vertical transport of Fe and S in the sediment. We also modeled Fe and S based on thermodynamic, limnological, and sediment data from the lake. The model was limited to the five components H⁺, e^?, Fe³⁺, SO₄ ^2?, H₂CO₃ and included the formation of solid phases such as Fe(OH)₃ (amorphous), FeOOH (aged, microcrystalline), FeS and FeCO₃. Modeling showed that there are pe (redox) ranges within which either FeS or Fe(OH)₃/FeOOH is the only solid phase present and there are pe ranges within which the two solid phases co-exist, which supports the hypothesis that blackish and grey-brownish layers that occur in the varves were formed at the time of deposition. This creates new possibilities for deciphering high-temporal-resolution environmental information from varves.     

海水中钢铁腐蚀与环境因素的灰关联分析

应用灰关联分析方法解析了海水环境因素与钢铁腐蚀的关系。根据灰关联度的计算 ,在诸海水环境因素中找出影响碳钢、低合金钢在海水中局部腐蚀深度及平均腐蚀率的主要影响因素 ,分析结果与现场试验结果较为吻合     

东平-汶上铁成矿带西侧低缓磁异常区找矿前景分析

梁山东丁庄铁矿位于东平-汶上铁成矿带西侧的低缓磁异常区,为区内新发现的沉积变质型铁矿床。通过1∶1万高精度磁法面积测量工作,在区内圈定3个磁异常,并进行钻探验证,证实其中2个为隐伏磁铁矿体引起,矿体赋存于泰山岩群山草峪组中。通过研究矿体的地质特征、磁异常特征,并与区域铁矿成矿条件对比分析,认为区内矿致磁异常特征一般表现为在数十纳特的平缓背景场基础上,突然升高至数百纳特的相对高值异常,具突变特征。该类异常一般呈NW走向,与东平-汶上铁成矿带走向基本一致,其形态一般呈规则的长条带状、椭圆状或串珠状。区域上存在较多与研究区具有相似特征的低缓磁异常,且具备有利的成矿地层条件,因此认为区域上低缓磁异常区具有较大的找矿潜力,找矿前景良好。     

塔什库尔干地区老并铁矿床地质特征及成因分析

老并铁矿床位于新疆西昆仑-喀喇昆仑造山带西段,塔什库尔干陆块内的塔阿西-塔吐鲁沟铁铜钒成矿带中。矿体主要呈层状、似层状、透镜状赋存于古元古界布伦阔勒群中的黑云石英片岩和斜长角闪片岩内,并与顶底板围岩呈渐变过渡、互层产出、同步褶曲。老并铁矿稀土元素含量总体较低,具早前寒武纪海洋化学沉积特征,在PAAS标准化的稀土元素分布曲线显示LREE亏损、HREE富集,强Eu和La的正异常及不明显的Ce异常,表明老并铁矿床的形成与海底火山活动关系密切,其矿床特征与Algoma型铁矿相似;磁铁矿氧同位素δ18O值为3.3‰~4.6‰,显示研究区磁铁矿为原生沉积成因。结合成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征认为,老并铁矿床属海底火山沉积-变质成因。     

铁锰氧化物在污染土壤修复中的作用

矿物学在环境科学中的应用将是21世纪矿物学研究的一个主要方面。土壤污染作为一个制约人类社会可持续发展的基本问题正受到日益广泛的关注，污染土壤的修复已成为环境科学研究的一个重点。污染土壤的修复技术主要有物理、化学、生物等方法，但是，它们都不同程度地存在着缺陷。众所周知，铁和锰是自然界中少数但常见的变价元素。含有变价元素和带有表面电荷的铁锰氧化物具有良好的表面活性，不仅对有毒有害的无机污染物具有良好的净化功能，而且对土壤中有机污染物具有氧化降解作用。利用这些矿物来修复污染土壤，具有成本低、无二次污染等优点，体现出天然净化作用的特色，展现出广阔的环境矿物学应用前景。     

XMCD at Fe L<Subscript>2,3</Subscript> edges,Fe and S K edges on Fe<Subscript>7</Subscript>S<Subscript>8</Subscript>

Pyrrhotite (Fe₇S₈) is a natural iron sulphide that can participate in rock magnetisation. Its electronic structure is not yet surely described. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at Fe L_2,3 edges on Fe₇S₈, coupled with multiplet calculations, shows that iron is present only as Fe²⁺ in this magnetic iron sulphide. It reveals a strong magnetic orbital moment. XMCD at Fe and S K edges shows the quite strong polarization of both Fe and S in Fe₇S₈.     

Iron(II) oxide determination in rocks and minerals

The determination of FeO of geologic materials by modern instrumental methods (such as atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), etc.) cannot distinguish between different oxidation states of elements. In many cases, the oxidation state of Fe has to be known in order to perform several chemical calculations (norms, etc.) and discuss the reactions that occur during weathering, hydrothermal alteration and other processes. A modified Wilson method is proposed, giving reproducible results in a much shorter time than the classical method. Back-titration with potassium dichromate and an Fe(II) and ammonia sulphate solution is used, after dissolution of the sample powder in a heated HF/H₃PO₄ mixture and an ammonium vanadate solution. This modified method, tested with several international reference materials, gives reliable results, equivalent to the ones cited in the literature for the reference materials.