自流观测井泄漏的处理与水动力参数的试验研究

本文以苏１８井为例介绍了自流井泄漏的处理技术与井口动力参数的试验结果，采用钻也漏仪确定泄漏部位，内衬套管对环状间隙灌浆的堵漏技术，效果良好。采用不同泄水孔断面积对井口水动力参数进行了系列观测试验，对试验结果了分析，并推导了各参量间的函数关系，两者相当吻合，可以互相印证。     

用介质Q值、剪切应力和震源参数研究北京周围地区中强地震的短临预报

通过北京周围地区中强地震前后介质Ｑ值、剪切应力和小震（Ｍ＿Ｌ≤３．０）震源参数的变化的研究，给出一种中强地震短临预报的新方法。     

Quantitative precipitation forecasting over Narmada Catchment

Quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF) has been attempted over the Narmada Catchment following a statistical approach. The catchment has been divided into five sub-regions for the development of QPF models with a maximum lead-time of 24 hours. For this purpose the data of daily rainfall from 56 raingauge stations, twice daily observations on different surface meteorological parameters from 28 meteorological observatories and upper air data from 11 aerological stations for the nine monsoon seasons of 1972–1980 have been utilized. The horizontal divergence, relative vorticity, vertical velocity and moisture divergence are computed using the kinematic method at different pressure levels and used as independent variables along with the rainfall and surface meteorological parameters. Multiple linear regression equations have been developed using the stepwise procedure separately with actual and square root and log-transformed rainfall using 8-year data (1972–1979). When these equations were verified with an independent data for the monsoon season of 1980, it was found that the transformed rainfall equations fared much better compared to the actual rainfall equations. The performance of the forecasts of QPF model compared to the climatological and persistence forecasts has been assessed by computing the verification scores using the forecasts for the monsoon season of 1980.     

地震多元参数综合解释煤层结构

利用时间域和频率域的多元地震参数解释煤层结构属于岩性地震勘探范畴。将该技术用于陕北大保当勘探区,配合地质研究,成功地确定了2~(-2)煤层的结构变化情况,确定的煤层分叉线同单纯依靠地震解释或地质推断的煤层分叉线比较,精度明显提高。     

Source parameters for the January 1975 Brawley — Imperial valley earthquake swarm

The source parameters, moment, stress drop and source dimension are estimated for 61 events from the January 1975 Brawley earthquake swarm. Earthquakes studied range in local magnitude from 1.0 to 4.7. Stress drops range from 1 to 636 bars and increase with source depth. It is estimated that the sedimentary structure of the Imperial Valley amplifies shear waves by a factor of 2 to 3 in addition to the free surface amplification of 2. Estimates of moment from 10 sec surface waves are 4 to 6 times larger than the moment estimated from the relatively flat part of the local body wave spectrum at 1 sec. This may be due to after-slip on the fault, a long thin fault, or partial stress drop. It is shown that the experimentally determined ratio of stress drop to apparent stress should be approximately 4.0 when spectrum integration is used to obtainS-wave energy and theP-wave energy is 1/3 theS-wave energy.     

Ray parameters of diffracted long period P and S waves and the velocities at the base of the mantle

The derivation of P and S velocities at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) from long-period diffracted waves by the use of the simple ray-theoretical formulav _CMB=r _c /p (v _CMB=velocity at the CMB;r _c =core radius;p=ray parameter) yields apparent velocity values which differ from the true velocities. Using a dominant period of about 20 sec for calculating theoretical seismograms, we found a linear relation between the apparent velocity and the average velocity in a transition zone at the base of the mantle with fixed velocity on top.The ray parameters determined from long-period earthquake data are found to be 4.540±0.035 and 8.427±0.072 sec/deg for P_diff and S_diff, respectively. These values yield apparent velocities of 13.378±0.103 for P and 7.207±0.062 km/sec for S waves. By means of the theoretical relation between apparent and average velocity and under the assumption of linear variation of velocity with depth, one can invert the apparent velocities into true CMB velocities of 13.736±0.170 and 7.320±0.124 km/sec. These results imply positive velocity gradients at the base of the mantle and hence no significant departures from adiabaticity and homogeneity.Contribution No. 211 of the Geophysical Institute, University of Karlsruhe.     

Nitric oxide concentration near the mesopause as deduced from ionospheric absorption measurements

Nitric oxide concentration in the upper D-region is estimated by comparing empirically derived ratios of Lyman- and X-ray contributions to the total radio-wave absorption (2775 kHz. A3 method) in medium latitudes with model ratios. Typical NO concentrations are about 8.5×10¹³ m^–3, at 90 km and 6.5×10¹³ m^–3 at 78 km. These values are higher than generally accepted model NO concentrations, but lie within the broad range of experimental values.     

Significance of Dar-Zarrouk parameters in the exploration of quality affected coastal aquifer systems

The interpreted Earth subsurface resistivity layer parameters of 55 vertical geoelectrical soundings are analyzed over a fan shaped area of 1,700 km² from Pipli-Astrang-Bhramgiri, Orissa, India. In this study, Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters, namely the longitudinal conductance (S), transverse resistance (T) and longitudinal resistivity (R _s ) are analyzed and we encountered the resistivity regime of the clay layers, saline and fresh water bearing formations. The significance of these parameters in establishing an easily decipherable vision about the occurrence and distribution of fresh and saline water aquifers, while dealing with complicated situations of intermixing of the resistivity ranges of saline and fresh water aquifers has been illustrated. The results show that the Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters provide a useful and confident solution in delineating the saline and fresh water aquifers. The behavior of the D-Z parameters S, T and R _s , and its patterns in space over large areas with respect to the occurrence of saline water and fresh water aquifer systems in the deltaic coastal aquifer system has been demonstrated.     

Pre-and post-outburst parameters for the components of the symbiotic star V1329 Cyg

We present new UB V observations of the symbiotic nova V 1329 Cyg. Based on all our UB V observations of a uniform system, we redetermined the orbital period of the binary and estimated the magnitudes and luminosities of its components. We show that the pre-outburst visual luminosities of the red giant and the hot star were almost equal and that the rapid irregular photographic variability of the star was caused by the nonstationary behavior of the hot component. The outburst amplitude of the hot component (subdwarf) in 1964 was found to be ～2^m in the V band, which is typical of ordinary symbiotic stars. We estimated the continuum luminosity of the gaseous component that appeared after the outburst. In the V band, it was almost 1^m fainter than the flared hot star. Structurally, the gaseous component is an ionized gaseous disk comparable in size to an M giant.