Calculation of instream ecological water requirements under runoff variation conditions: Taking Xitiaoxi River in Taihu Lake Basin as an example

Climate change and human activity can cause remarkable hydrological variation.Traits of hydrological series such as runoff before and after the change points could be sig-nificantly different,so the calculation of instream ecological water requirements (EWRs) is confronted with more challenges.Taking the Xitiaoxi River (XTXR) in the upper reach of the Taihu Lake Basin as an example,this paper investigates the calculation of EWRs using the range of variability approach (RVA) under changing environment.The change point diagnosis of the natural and observed runoff series are conducted for XTXR.Then,differences in the hydrological alternation indicators and instream EWRs processes obtained from various daily runoff series are compared.It was found that the natural and observed annual runoff series in XTXR from 1957 to 2018 both show significant variations,and the change points are in 2007 and 1999 respectively.If runoff data before the change points or all runoff data are used,the instream EWRs obtained from natural runoff are significantly lower than those obtained from the observed runoff.At the monthly time step,EWRs differences within a year mainly oc-curred from May to August.Also,calculation results of the instream EWRs are strongly re-lated to the selected period of runoff series.The EWRs obtained using runoff series after the change points have rather acute fluctuation within a year.Therefore,when the RVA method is used under changing environment,the instream EWRs should be prudently determined by comparing different calculation results on the basis of river runoff restoration and variability analysis.To a certain extent,this paper enriches our understanding about the hydrological method for EWRs estimation,and proposes new ideas for future research on EWRs.     

北京市矿产资源利用现状调查核查前后资源储量变化原因分析

北京市矿产资源利用现状调查,查明了北京市煤、铁、锰,铜、铬、铅、锌、铝土、鸽、钼、金、银、硫铁矿,萤石、饰面用大理岩、水泥用灰岩共计16个矿种的核查任务,最终形成了140个上表核查单元。通过分析核查前后资源储量变化情况,总结了11类变化原因：未上表矿区纳入、漏上表、错误上表、重复上表等等。文章通过分析对比,查明了核查前后资源储量的变化原因,提高了核查结果的可信度,为北京市矿产资源利用现状调查成果与矿产资源储量数据库衔接,提供了可靠的基础资料。为北京市矿政管理,提供了扎实的基础数据支撑。     

福建宁德市红树林资源现状与保护

2005年8-10月,我们对宁德市滨海湿地及红树林资源进行了全面系统的调查。调查表明:宁德市滨海湿地及红树林资源较为丰富,现有秋茄林面积为93.2hm2,是福建省红树林资源的重要分布区;但同时亦存在红树林面积逐年下降,天然林比重下降、人工林比重上升,林分质量,郁闭度等级、树高等级、集约度、树龄等都有所下降的现象,红树林仅为上世纪70年代末的13%左右。为此,制定湿地及红树林保护法规,拟订和实施红树林保护恢复与发展规划,提高造林和管护成效,实施抢救性保护已是当务之急。     

水电顾问集团北京院管理信息系统建设与思考

水电顾问集团北京院是中国水电行业最早成立的大型勘测设计研究院,也是全国勘察设计单位综合实力百强企业。北京院管理信息系统是由理正第二代管理信息系统和微软MOSS2007系统全面集成的综合系统,主要包括:企业信息门户系统、综合办公、知识图档、人力资源、经营管理、技术质量、项目管理系统、Exchange邮件系统、LCS消息系统。尤其在生产项目管理方面摸索出一套针对大型项目管理的计划分级编制、审批、执行、汇总、变更的应用模式,并对设计过程进行了有效控制。本项目顺利实施得益于我院对信息化项目的精心组织和策划,也充分体现了理正第二代管理系统平台在系统规划、系统集成、系统快速开发等方面的强大功能。     

基于知识标注的地理信息语义服务框架研究

基于空间语义学基础理论,将传统的地理信息服务技术与新兴的语义服务技术相结合,建立地理信息语义服务框架及知识标注方法体系,并应用于地理空间信息服务处理中,提供智能化、自动化的地理信息服务发现、组合与触发策略;设计基于文本挖掘算法的半自动知识标注引擎,提高服务处理自动化程度,实现包含丰富语义信息的地理空间语义服务的发布;建立基于规则和推理引擎的地理信息服务匹配与发现机制,提高服务发现效率;建立地理信息服务语义标注与服务匹配评价方法,采用基于空间关联规则的标注正确性评估策略,验证知识标注价值。     

面向任务的成像卫星传感器观测能力度量方法

根据对地观测任务的需求,确定了基于成像卫星传感器技术指标的任务需求模型。采用模糊综合评价法,提出了一种面向任务需求的成像卫星传感器观测能力量化度量方法,实现了对成像卫星传感器应用观测能力的合理评估。实验结果表明,采用此度量方法进行成像卫星观测能力评估是可行的。     

生态环境需水量分类及计算方法综述

根据生态系统的生态环境功能,可以将生态环境需水量分为:河流生态环境需水量、植被生态用水量、用于湖泊湿地保护与恢复的生态环境需水量、城市生态环境需水量和回补超采地下水的生态环境需水量等。在此基础上,综述了各项生态环境需水量的计算方法,并提出了在生态环境需水量分类及计算方法方面需要进一步研究的问题。     

Crop water relationships and thermal adaptation of kathika beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and green grams (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) with special reference to temporal patterns of potential growth in the drylands of SE-Kenya

High soil temperatures influence seedling emergence as well as the performance of plant organs and yields. Temperatures of above 40°C were recorded in the topsoil of the Ferralsols of the semi-arid areas of SE-Kenya during the rainy season. Experiments were conducted in the climatological laboratory of the University of Trier, Germany, on two legumes (green grams and common beans var. kathika), grown by smallholder farmers in the study area under varying soil temperature conditions. The main objective was to examine the effect of soil temperature on various parameters: seedling emergence, crop water requirements, leaf area index and phenology of the two legumes. The simulated climatological laboratory conditions were similar to those at Kiboko, SE-Kenya. This study confirmed that under high soil temperature conditions, green grams are well adapted to semi-arid and hot tropical lowlands as well as lower midlands due to low water requirements, high seedling emergence rates and good yield performance. However, kathika beans were very susceptible to the simulated extreme climatic environment. By means of crop simulation modelling, a temporal differentiation for potential growth of green grams is presented for the long and short rains according to different rainfall conditions (ENSO, antiENSO, normal) over a period of 31 years.     

核磁共振找水技术的研究现状与发展趋势

近20多年来,用核磁共振(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance,NMR)方法形成的一种直接非侵害性的探测地下水的地球物理新技术,与传统的地球物理探测地下水的方法相比具有高分辨力、高效率、信息量丰富和解的唯一性等优点,是一种很有发展前景的找水方法技术.我国的水资源短缺,对地下水资源的勘探、开发与利用十分重视,已将核磁共振找水技术研究列入国家十一五科技支撑计划.本文在广泛收集迄今为止的国内外大量资料的基础上,并根据作者近年来有关核磁共振找水技术的研究经历,综述了核磁共振找水技术的发展历史、现状和发展趋势,以推进我国核磁共振找水技术的发展.