Radiative Heat Transfer and Hydrostatic Stability in Nocturnal Fog

We have performed a one-dimensional and transient radiative heat transfer analysis in order to investigate interaction between atmospheric radiation and convective instability within a nocturnal fog. The radiation element method using the Ray Emission Model (REM²), which is a generalized numerical method, in conjunction with a line-by-line (LBL) method, is employed to attain high spectral resolution calculations for anisotropically scattering fog. The results show that the convective instability has a strong dependence on radiative properties of the fog. For the condition of a 20-m droplet diameter and liquid water content of 0.1 × 10^–3 kg m^–3;, the temperature profile within the fog becomes S shaped, and a convective instability layer forms in the middle or lower level of the fog. However, for the same water content and a 40-m diameter droplet, no strong convective instability layer forms, whereas for a 10-m diameter droplet a strong convective instability is observed.     

基于S波段双偏振雷达一次强雹暴过程观测分析

利用宁波S波段双偏振天气雷达资料、NCEP再分析资料、结合常规观测资料和实地冰雹调查资料,对2020年3月21日浙江省中北部一次强雹暴灾害过程(简称“03·21”过程)的天气背景和双偏振雷达回波演变特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)此次雹暴过程环流形势属于低层暖平流强迫类型,雹暴影响过程约4 h,雹暴A和B先以强的对流单体形态移动,在自西向东移动过程中分别加强为超级单体。(2)典型降雹时次具有明显的三体散射特征(TBSS),垂直剖面图上强回波(>50 dBz)伸展高度超过-20℃层,低层的弱回波,中高层悬垂回波明显。径向速度垂直剖面图上,雹暴低层辐合,其上叠加了辐散层,使得雹块得以继续形成和增长。(3)冰雹区出现了Z_DR冰雹信号,对应的反射率因子(Z_H)均大于65 dBz,差分反射率因子(Z_DR)介于-2.0～0 dB,相关系数(C_C)介于0.80～0.98;当结合Z_H、Z_DR、C_C综合判断云中有冰雹粒子,C_C...     

黄山顶大气气溶胶吸收和散射特性观测分析

采用光声黑碳仪（PASS）2008年5～7月在黄山光明顶的连续观测资料,分析了该地区大气气溶胶吸收和散射系数变化特征及其与气象因子的关系。分析结果表明：在相对干燥的条件下（相对湿度小于60%）吸收散射系数日变化明显,总体上白天大,晚上小;相对湿度与吸收和散射系数有很强的正相关性,相关系数分别为0.87和0.80,而风速与散射吸收系数则呈现负相关关系,吸收系数、散射系数与风速的相关系数分别为-0.53和-0.78;湿清除使大气气溶胶的吸收和散射系数明显降低;与在平原地区的南京相比,黄山山顶的吸收和散射系数日变化趋势与南京相反,且数值比南京小一个量级。