A location-aware GIServices quality prediction model via collaborative filtering

The quality of GIServices (QoGIS) is an important consideration for services sharing and interoperation. However, QoGIS is a complex concept and difficult to be evaluated reasonably. Most of the current studies have focused on static and non-scalable evaluation methods but have ignored location sensitivity subsequently resulting in the inaccurate QoGIS values. For intensive geodata and computation, GIServices are more sensitive to the location factor than general services. This paper proposes a location-aware GIServices quality prediction model via collaborative filtering (LAGCF). The model uses a mixed CF method based on time zone feature from the perspectives of both user and GIServices. Time zone is taken as the location factor and mapped into the prediction process. A time zone-adjusted Pearson correlation coefficient algorithm was designed to measure the similarity between the GIServices and the target, helping to identify highly similar GIServices. By adopting a coefficient of confidence in the final generation phase, the value of the QoGIS most similar to the target services will play a dominant role in the comprehensive result. Two series of experiments on large-scale QoGIS data were implemented to verify the effectivity of LAGCF. The results showed that LAGCF can improve the accuracy of QoGIS prediction significantly.     

Novel fusion approach on automatic object extraction from spatial data: case study Worldview-2 and TOPO5000

The automatic extraction of information content from remotely sensed data is always challenging. We suggest a novel fusion approach to improve the extraction of this information from mono-satellite images. A Worldview-2 (WV-2) pan-sharpened image and a 1/5000-scaled topographic vector map (TOPO5000) were used as the sample data. Firstly, the buildings and roads were manually extracted from WV-2 to point out the maximum extractable information content. Subsequently, object-based automatic extractions were performed. After achieving two-dimensional results, a normalized digital surface model (nDSM) was generated from the underlying digital aerial photos of TOPO5000, and the automatic extraction was repeated by fusion with the nDSM to include individual object heights as an additional band for classification. The contribution was tested by precision, completeness and overall quality. Novel fusion technique increased the success of automatic extraction by 7% for the number of buildings and by 23% for the length of roads.     

伽师近场观测地震资料的三维Q值成像

为了研究震源区介质的物性特征,利用振幅谱拟合和有限差分三维Q值成像方法处理了伽师地震区临时台网的地震波形资料,获得了该地震区上地壳的S波三维Q值图像。结果表明:不同深度的Q值图像都存在低Q值带,主要展布方向为EW向、NNE向和NNW向,与研究区的柯坪断裂、羊达曼断裂和麦盖提断裂有一定的对应关系,并且NNE向的低Q值带与强震群分布和余震分布的条带位置接近,推测低Q值带可能是震源区的几条深部断裂。     

改进的等效半空间法及瑞雷波频散曲线反演

层状模型的理论频散曲线表明,层状模型表面瑞雷波同一频率对应的相速度具有多值特点,这就是所谓的瑞雷波多阶性. 面波的多阶性导致了实测频散曲线的复杂性,当地层中存在软弱夹层时这一问题尤为突出,从而给实测频散曲线的解释带来了困难. 本文从工程实用的角度出发,根据等效半空间理论,提出了一种计算理论频散曲线的新算法——改进的等效半空间法,避开了面波多阶性这一复杂问题. 由此方法计算得到的面波相速度并不同于某个具体阶数的面波,而是对多阶面波的综合反映. 按照改进的等效半空间法编制了拟合反演程序,并在工程中进行了运用,取得较好的效果.     

一种新的实时电磁逆散射方法

为解决介质圆柱体逆散射问题,提出一种新的在线逆散射方法,通过支持向量机将逆散射问题转化成一个回归估计问题. 该方法可应用于各种逆散射方面, 尤其是目标的几何与电磁参数重构和埋地目标探测. 文中首次将支持向量机方法应用到该领域,设置多个散射场的观测点,通过提取散射场的不同信息作为样本信息训练支持向量机, 建立了介质圆柱体的逆散射模型, 利用该模型重构了介质圆柱体的电磁参数,同时探测了埋地位置. 数值结果显示了该方法的有效性和准确性,为目标的实时逆散射研究提供了一种有效方法.     

GPS变形监测动态数据处理中卡尔曼滤波的应用

介绍了卡尔曼滤波的基本原理,针对常规GPS变形监测数据处理中存在着不连续、非实时的缺点,结合卡尔曼滤波的特点,运用三峡实测数据对GPS变形监测动态数据处理中卡尔曼滤波的应用进行研究。并采用各点点位位移速度图对所建立的函数模型进行验证,同时对状态方程的建立及初始值的选取进行分析总结。     

扩展卡尔曼滤波与采样卡尔曼滤波性能比较

详细研究了卡尔曼滤波在非线性系统中的应用,在分析扩展卡尔曼滤波理论的基础上,指出了其在非线性系统应用中的缺陷,阐述了采样卡尔曼滤波(UKF)思想,通过事例和仿真说明了这种新型卡尔曼滤波理论的优越性能。     

Burial and exhumation of the Hoh Xil Basin,northern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from detrital (U-Th)/He ages

The uplift and associated exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau has been widely considered a key control of Cenozoic global cooling. The south-central parts of this plateau experienced rapid exhumation during the Cretaceous–Palaeocene periods. When and how the northern part was exhumed, however, remains controversial. The Hoh Xil Basin (HXB) is the largest late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary basin in the northern part, and it preserves the archives of the exhumation history. We present detrital apatite and zircon (U-Th)/He data from late Cretaceous–Cenozoic sedimentary rocks of the western and eastern HXB. These data, combined with regional geological constraints and interpreted with inverse and forward model of sediment deposition and burial reheating, suggest that the occurrence of ca. 4–2.7 km and ca. 4–2.3 km of vertical exhumation initiated at ca. 30–25 Ma and 40–35 Ma in the eastern and western HXB respectively. The initial differential exhumation of the eastern HXB and the western HXB might be controlled by the oblique subduction of the Qaidam block beneath the HXB. The initial exhumation timing in the northern Tibetan Plateau is younger than that in the south-central parts. This reveals an episodic exhumation of the Tibetan Plateau compared to models of synchronous Miocene exhumation of the entire plateau and the early Eocene exhumation of the northern Tibetan Plateau shortly after the India–Asia collision. One possible mechanism to account for outward growth is crustal shortening. A simple model of uplift and exhumation would predict a maximum of 0.8 km of surface uplift after upper crustal shortening during 30–27 Ma, which is insufficient to explain the high elevations currently observed. One way to increase elevation without changing exhumation rates and to decouple uplift from upper crustal shortening is through the combined effects of continental subduction, mantle lithosphere removal and magmatic inflation.     

结合BM3D和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波的遥感影像混合噪声去噪方法

提出了一种基于三维块匹配（BM3D）和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波的遥感影像混合噪声去噪方法,使用coief3小波和sym2小波替换传统三维块匹配算法中的bior1.5和hear参数,将三维块匹配算法和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波相结合以提高算法对混合噪声的去噪能力。进行一个仿真对比试验和一个真实遥感影像去噪试验,试验表明,本文提出的方法在遥感影像混合噪声去噪方面效果要优于传统混合噪声去噪方法。     

载波相位平滑时间常数对GBAS精度增强的影响

陆基增强系统(GBAS)是利用载波相位平滑伪距差分修正实现对导航辅助定位的. 其中,平滑时间常数是影响载波相位平滑伪距精度的关键参数. 本文分析研究了不同平滑时间下电离层时间梯度和空间梯度对Hatch滤波的影响. 在结合电离层时空梯度和多径效应引起的滤波总误差方差的基础上,推导出自适应的最优平滑时间常数. 分别对GBAS静态和动态两种环境下的定位误差进行实验,实验结果表明,采用本文推导出的自适应平滑时间常数降低了GBAS伪距测量误差,从而使定位精度得到增强.