位场归一化差分法的边界检测技术

针对常规位场数据处理存在场源边界定位精度低和识别能力差的问题,提出了识别边界位置的归一化差分法。根据x、y、z 3个方向的差分算子与构造边界位置位场异常特征间的关系,给出了突出异常梯级带的n阶归一化差分表达式。单体模型试验表明：z方向和经90°相移的x、y方向的一阶差分可以对模型体边界位置的异常梯级带进行紧缩;一阶归一化差分的异常等值线较为集中地分布在模型体边界位置,说明对边界有一定的识别能力,但精度稍低。为此,采用二阶差分进行进一步试算。结果表明:3个方向的二阶差分在一阶差分的基础上进一步增强了对边界的识别能力,而且二阶归一化差分的异常梯度带与模型边界位置具有良好的一致性。含噪声组合模型重力异常对比分析表明：与常规边界识别方法相比,差分半径较小的二阶归一化差分对地质体的边界识别能力强、定位精度高;差分半径较大的二阶归一化差分在一定程度上可以解决噪声干扰的问题,且等值线梯级带可以相对地突出大型地质体的边界。在实例应用中,归一化差分法检测出了黑龙江虎林盆地28条断裂,其中13条断裂通过盆地已有单元构造格局和DB1线电阻率剖面得到了证实。     

摩擦摆隔震支座理论分析与数值模拟研究

介绍了摩擦摆隔震支座的基本构成和隔震原理。利用力学平衡原理,对摩擦摆隔震支座进行了理论分析,推导了摩擦摆隔震支座的刚度和等效粘滞阻尼比,构造了摩擦摆隔震支座的滞回模型,并探讨了该支座的自回复能力,得到了其最大残余位移计算公式。采用有限元软件ABAQUS,对摩擦摆隔震支座进行实体单元建模,模拟低周反复荷载作用下,该支座的滞回特性与回复特性。研究结果表明：①理论分析和数值模拟结果吻合较好,验证了提出的滞回模型和最大残余位移计算公式的正确性;②摩擦摆隔震支座的滞回曲线饱满,具有良好的滞回性能;③摩擦摆隔震支座的刚度与球面半径成反比,可能的最大残余位移为摩擦系数和球面半径的乘积;④该支座的最大应力出现在支座处于设计位移的时刻,且一般位于滑块或支座板球铰面边缘。     

Invasion of Sargassum muticum in intertidal rockpools: Patterns along the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula

Spatial patterns of non-indigenous species show scale-dependent properties. Sargassum muticum is an invasive macroalga widely distributed along the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula. Despite being quite abundant from Norway to South Portugal, there is little information about its patterns of distribution, particularly at a large spatial scale (i.e. thousands of kilometres). Here, we examined the spatial variation in the invasion success of S. muticum from rockpools at multiple spatial scales using a hierarchical design. In addition, we analysed how the richness of native assemblages was related to its invasion success and how this relationship changed over different scales. Most of the variation in the invasion success was found at the smallest scales of pool and plot. Furthermore, the invasibility of native macroalgal assemblages was related to the native species richness, but causes that determined invasion success could not be separated from the effects provoked by the invader. Results suggest that small-scale (centimetres to metres) processes contribute considerably to the heterogeneity of S. muticum invasion success.     

随机溶洞介质模型及其波场模拟

提出了一种模拟构造随机溶洞介质模型的新方法.从现有的随机介质模型理论出发,以混合型连续随机介质的每一个局部最大值点作为一个溶洞分布区的中心点,本文引入了溶洞分布区的局部半径d和溶洞面积p这两个模型特征量,采用阀值截取方法模拟构造各种不同形式的随机溶洞介质模型.用局部半径d描述溶洞介质在大尺度上的离散程度,用溶洞面积p描述在各个溶洞分布区中溶洞介质的面积.通过选择从不同的混合型连续随机介质模型出发,选择不同的局部半径d和溶洞面积p,使用阀值截取法,我们可以最终得到能灵活、准确地描述实际复杂溶洞介质的各种随机溶洞介质模型.本文最后在各种不同形式的随机溶洞介质模型中,作了平面弹性波自激自收记录的数值模拟,并得出了一些结论.     

板块运动地球动力学机制探究

对前人提出的多种地球动力学机制特别是地幔对流说进行剖析,提出板块运动地球动力来源于地转离极作用和旋转半径变化造成的地转不同步作用,并受到刚性岩石圈板块应力平衡作用、惯性作用和弹性作用等内在规律的制约,另外规律性的固体潮作用和偶然性的陨石撞击作用是影响板块运动的附加应力因素。     

Torrential rainfall responses to ice microphysical processes during pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China

In this study,the effects of key ice microphysical processes on the pre-summer heavy rainfall over southern China during 3-8 June 2008 were investigated.A series of two-dimensional sensitivity cloud-resolving model simulations were forced with zonally uniform vertical velocity,zonal wind,horizontal temperature,and water vapor advection data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/Global Data Assimilation System(GDAS).The effects of key ice microphysical processes on the responses of rainfall to large-scale forcing were analyzed by comparing two sensitivity experiments with a control experiment.In one sensitivity experiment,ice crystal radius,associated with depositional growth of snow from cloud ice,was reduced from 100 μm in the control experiment to 50 μm,and in the other sensitivity experiment the efficiency of the growth of graupel from the accretion of snow was reduced to 50% from 100% in the control experiment.The results show that the domain-mean rainfall responses to these ice microphysical processes are stronger during the decay phase than during the onset and mature phases.During the decay phase,the increased mean rain rate resulting from the decrease in ice crystal radius is associated with the enhanced mean local atmospheric drying,the increased mean local hydrometeor loss,and the suppressed mean water vapor divergence.The increased mean rain rate caused by the reduction in accretion efficiency is related to the reduced mean water vapor divergence and the enhanced mean local hydrometeor loss.     

水源热泵井施工中水文地质参数确定的探讨——以东煤沈阳钻探机械研制中心厂房水源热泵井施工为例

以单井抽水试验资料为基础,计算出该区的新近系砂砾岩含水层的出水量为40m^3/h。为解决水源热泵系统的热源及同层回灌问题,进行了较长时间的带有观测孔的抽水试验及回灌试验。试验表明：该区的渗透系数为32.16m/d,影响半径为166m,回灌渗透系数为14.38m/d,回灌影响半径为61m。据此计算干扰井单井抽水量为38.51m^3/h,干扰井单井回水量为11.14m^3/h,同时确定该区的抽灌井比例为1∶4。根据用水需求,该区设计抽水两口,回灌井8口,备用一口回灌井,形成该区的水源热泵系统。系统运行近两年来,单井出水量、回灌量及水位降深均符合设计要求,达到了预期效果。     

白云岩埋藏成岩作用过程中的金属元素与同位素再分配规律与受控因素

前人在白云岩岩石地球化学研究过程中注意到,在开放体系下埋藏成岩作用过程中白云石金属元素含量与同位素组成将发生再分配,然而到目前为止还没有系统的理论来解释这一现象。根据化学平衡原理,提出离子半径理论控制白云岩在埋藏过程中的金属元素与同位素组成再分配规律,基本概念为大半径离子含量减少,小半径离子含量升高。根据这一理论,结合Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Sr等+2价离子的离子半径数值得出推论,在埋藏压实成岩作用过程中白云石将向着有序度升高的方向转化,白云石中的Fe、Mn含量升高,Sr含量降低,同位素比值87Sr/86Sr升高。该结论与前人资料有着高度的一致性。     

用半径-电荷比研究SiHmXn和CHmXn型分子的标准生成焓

本文用原子的半径-电荷比定义原子结构参数Pi和分子结构参数P.用P分别研究了含氢分子SiHmXn和CHmXn（X=F，Cl，Br，I）的标准生成焓，二者呈良好的线性关系.本文的定义考虑了氢对分子结构和性质的贡献.     

Earthquake—Affected Time—Space Domain,Recurrence Interval and Effective Preparation Time of Earthquakes

The study shows that earthquake-affected time-space domain(ETSD),i.e.a time-space range in which strong earthquakes are unable to occur owing to the influence of a prior earthquake occurring,shows a hyperbolic margin curve in the t(time)-r(distance)coordinate plane,which has a maximum affected radius r0 at t=0 and a maximum influence time t0(i.e.the insitu recurrence interval of earthquakes)at r=0.Based on the time-distance distributions of posterior earthquakes relative to pror ones in the regions of North China,Northwest China,Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)plateau and Southwest China,the optimized and 90%-confidence margin curves are estimated using optimization and statistical analysis methods.This indicates that the concept and method of ETSD with 3-dimension(time-distance-magnitudes)instead of those of “recurrence interval “with 1-dimension(time)or 2-dimension(time-magnitude) provides a new approach to understanding the fluctuation of seismic activities,estimating the effective earthquake-preparation time of potential hypocenters,and therefore improving the mediumand long-term prediction of strong earthquakes.