基于CloudSat/CALIPSO资料的我国北方2个区域云垂直分布差异研究

选用2008年1月—2014年10月的Cloud Sat/CALIPSO卫星资料,对中国北方两个4°×4°区域云垂直结构及其微物理参量进行了对比研究,区域1(114~118°E,37.5~41.5°N)和区域2(110°E~114°E,37.5~41.5°N)纬度相同经度不同。结果表明:1)区域1(E1)和区域2(E2)暖云层、混合云层和冷云层的云出现概率(Cloud Occurrence Probability,COP)差别较大。E1暖云层COP春季最大,E2则在夏、秋季达到较大值;E1混合层COP最大值出现在冬季,E2则出现在春季;2个区域冷云层COP均在春季达到最大。2)2个区域的COP高值区厚度有明显的季节性差异,E1的COP高值主要出现在夏、冬季,E2则主要出现在春、夏季。E1秋、冬季云体雷达回波最大值强于E2,但春、夏季弱于区域1。3)E2在春、秋季的液水含量、冰水含量、云滴有效半径均高于E1。     

基于改进三次样条插值的探空资料质控研究

由于L波段探空资料存在缺测及稀疏、零散的数据,造成信息量在时空分布上的不均匀性。考虑到参与插补计算的权重因子个数和插补半径对探空观测数据影响较大,在三次样条插值基础上将插补半径和参与计算权重因子个数作为约束条件引入算法中,以被插值点±40 gpm为插值半径,取有效因子个数≥3个,提出了改进的三次样条插补算法。通过交叉验证分时段对插补结果进行检验评估,气温AE在±0.1℃之间,RMSE值小于0.08;相对湿度AE在-1.0%～+0.7%之间,RMSE值小于0.3;风速数据AE在±0.6 m/s之间,RMSE值小于0.2,表明改进三次样条插补算法对探空资料的质控效果在时间和空间上一致性较好。在晴空条件下相对湿度的插补效果优于有降水天气,气温和风速的插补效果不受晴空条件和降水条件的影响。     

农村社区选址布局模型探讨——以青岛西海岸地区为例

系统梳理了农村社区选址布局的相关研究进展,重新建构社区选址布局的基本原则并予以数学抽象。在此基础上引入泰森多边形和引力模型,以村庄发展潜力、社区最大服务半径为基本控制条件,依托Map Basic平台设计相应算法,分别建立农村社区选址模型和社区服务范围模型,构建了由计算机辅助实现的农村社区选址布局模型系统,并以青岛西海岸地区为实证地区,将模型系统应用于该区域农村社区选址布局规划实践中。研究结果表明,构建的模型系统适应性较强,通过村庄发展潜力与社区空间约束相关联,可有效提高农村社区选址布局规划的科学性与合理性,为当前农村社区建设提供一定的指导和借鉴。     

超短半径水平井的优化设计

鉴于超短半径水平井在挖潜低效井方面的巨大作用效果,钻井工程设计中将井眼轨迹、钻具组合等方面进行设计优化,形成了一套成熟的超短半径水平井优化设计技术,应用于大庆油田超短半径水平井的施工中,并取得了预期的效果。     

多次波正演与SRME技术影响因素分析及应用

针对深水采集的地震数据包含严重的多次波,多次波与有效波互相叠合使得地震剖面的同相轴难以区分和追踪解释的情况,采用实际资料的层位,建立三维地质模型并用实际的导航数据正演模拟野外放炮施工,由于正演模拟的数据层位较少,可针对性地分析三维SRME技术预测多次波模型的影响因素,如空间采样、扩展半径等,然后应用于实际地震数据的SRME处理,比较二维SRME与三维SRME的应用效果,验证了三维SRME比二维SRME能更有效地衰减多次波。     

Rifting Attractor Structures in the Baikal Rift System: Location and Effects

The current geodynamics and tectonophysics of the Baikal rift system (BRS) as recorded in lithospheric stress and strain are discussed in the context of self organization of nonlinear dissipative dynamic systems and nonlinear media. The regional strain field inferred from instrumental seismic moment and fault radius data for almost 70,000 M_LH ⩾ 2.0 events of 1968 through 1994 shows a complex pattern with zones of high strain anisotropy in the central part and both flanks of the rift system (the South Baikal, Hovsgöl, and Muya rift basins, respectively). The three zones of local strain anisotropy highs coincide with domains of predominantly vertical stress where earthquakes of different magnitudes are mostly of normal slip geometry. Pulse-like reversals of principal stresses in the high-strain domains appear to be nonlinear responses of the system to subcrustal processes. In this respect, the BRS lithosphere is interpreted in terms of the self organization theory as a geological dissipative system. Correspondingly, the domains of high strain anisotropy and stress change, called rifting attractor structures (RAS), are the driving forces of its evolution. The location and nonlinear dynamics of the rifting attractors have controlled lithospheric stress and strain of the rift system over the period of observations, and the same scenario may have been valid also in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic rifting history. The suggested model of a positive-feedback (fire-like) evolution of nonlinear dynamical systems with rifting attractors opens a new perspective on the current geodynamics and tectonophysics of the Baikal rift system.     

垃圾填埋场抽水试验及降水方案设计

垃圾填埋场中的渗滤液水位过高会引发一系列环境和稳定问题,工程上可用竖井抽水降低渗滤液水位。通过在填埋场现场进行抽水试验,确定垃圾土的渗透系数和抽水影响半径,在此基础上对填埋场降水的瞬态流问题进行有限元模拟,分析了抽水井口径和间距对填埋场降水的影响,提出了降水方案的设计步骤和方法。抽水试验表明,现场垃圾的渗透系数约为3.6×10-4cm/s,抽水影响半径约为20m。数值分析表明,井径的变化对于降水效果影响不大,而合理选择抽水井间距对降水十分关键。进行抽水方案设计时,应首先根据工期和降水幅度要求计算井间距,按井的出水速度选择水泵,再根据水泵确定井径,最后根据井径和过滤层形式确定钻孔尺寸并选择钻机。     

含不同半径孔洞的颗粒体模型的力学行为数值模拟

本文通过编程建立了非连续介质(颗粒体材料)模型,采用FLAC软件模拟了静水压力条件下不同半径的巷道围岩中的剪切应变增量、最小主应力及最大主应力的分布规律。研究表明,随着孔洞半径的增大,呈圆环形的剪切应变增量与最小主应力的高值区的圈数、呈辐射状的最大主应力的高值区的延伸范围及剪切应变增量的最大值都呈先慢后快的增长趋势。模型中最大的拉应力接近于在模型四周所施加的压应力,而最大的压应力约为所施加的压应力的5～10倍。模型内部的剪切应变增量、最小主应力及最大主应力的分布是高度不均匀的。具有较高的差应力的位置与具有较高的剪切应变增量的位置具有很好的一致性。     

Numerical study on spatially varying control parameters of a marine ecosystem dynamical model with adjoint method

Based on the simulation of a marine ecosystem dynamical model in the Bohai Sea,the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea,chlorophyll data are assimilated to study the spatially varying control parameters (CPs) by using the adjoint method.In this study,the CPs at some grid points are selected as the independent CPs,while the CPs at other grid points can be obtained through linear interpolation with the independent CPs.The independent CPs are uniformly selected from each 30 × 30 area,and we confirm that the optimal influence radius is 1.2° by a twin experiment.In the following experiments,when only the maximum growth rate of phytoplankton (V m) is estimated by two given types of spatially varying CPs,the mean relative errors of V m are 1.22% and 0.94% while the decrease rates of the mean error of chlorophyll in the surface are 94.6% and 95.8%,respectively.When the other four CPs are estimated respectively,the results are also satisfactory,which indicates that the adjoint method has a strong ability of optimizing the prescribed CP with spatial variations.However,when all these five most important CPs are estimated simultaneously,the collocation of the changing trend of each parameter influences the estimation results remarkably.Only when the collocation of the changing trend of each parameter is consistent with the ecological mechanisms which influence the growth of the phytoplankton in marine ecosystem,could the five most important CPs be estimated more accurately.