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排序方式: 共有146条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
George L. Heritage David J. Milan Andrew R.G. Large Ian C. Fuller 《Geomorphology》2009,112(3-4):334-344
Accurate characterisation of morphology is critical to many studies in the field of geomorphology, particularly those dealing with changes over time. Digital elevation models (DEMs) are commonly used to represent morphology in three dimensions. The quality of the DEM is largely a function of the accuracy of individual survey points, field survey strategy, and the method of interpolation. Recommendations concerning field survey strategy and appropriate methods of interpolation are currently lacking. Furthermore, the majority of studies to date consider error to be uniform across a surface. This study quantifies survey strategy and interpolation error for a gravel bar on the River Nent, Blagill, Cumbria, UK. Five sampling strategies were compared: (i) cross section; (ii) bar outline only; (iii) bar and chute outline; (iv) bar and chute outline with spot heights; and (v) aerial LiDAR equivalent, derived from degraded terrestrial laser scan (TLS) data. Digital Elevation Models were then produced using five different common interpolation algorithms. Each resultant DEM was differentiated from a terrestrial laser scan of the gravel bar surface in order to define the spatial distribution of vertical and volumetric error. Overall triangulation with linear interpolation (TIN) or point kriging appeared to provide the best interpolators for the bar surface. Lowest error on average was found for the simulated aerial LiDAR survey strategy, regardless of interpolation technique. However, comparably low errors were also found for the bar-chute-spot sampling strategy when TINs or point kriging was used as the interpolator. The magnitude of the errors between survey strategy exceeded those found between interpolation technique for a specific survey strategy. Strong relationships between local surface topographic variation (as defined by the standard deviation of vertical elevations in a 0.2-m diameter moving window), and DEM errors were also found, with much greater errors found at slope breaks such as bank edges. A series of curves are presented that demonstrate these relationships for each interpolation and survey strategy. The simulated aerial LiDAR data set displayed the lowest errors across the flatter surfaces; however, sharp slope breaks are better modelled by the morphologically based survey strategy. The curves presented have general application to spatially distributed data of river beds and may be applied to standard deviation grids to predict spatial error within a surface, depending upon sampling strategy and interpolation algorithm. 相似文献
72.
Reverse‐time migration has become an industry standard for imaging in complex geological areas. We present an approach for increasing its imaging resolution by employing time‐shift gathers. The method consists of two steps: (i) migrating seismic data with the extended imaging condition to get time‐shift gathers and (ii) accumulating the information from time‐shift gathers after they are transformed to zero‐lag time‐shift by a post‐stack depth migration on a finer grid. The final image is generated on a grid, which is denser than that of the original image, thus improving the resolution of the migrated images. Our method is based on the observation that non‐zero‐lag time‐shift images recorded on the regular computing grid contain the information of zero‐lag time‐shift image on a denser grid, and such information can be continued to zero‐lag time‐shift and refocused at the correct locations on the denser grid. The extra computational cost of the proposed method amounts to the computational cost of zero‐offset migration and is almost negligible compared with the cost of pre‐stack shot‐record reverse‐time migration. Numerical tests on synthetic models demonstrate that the method can effectively improve reverse‐time migration resolution. It can also be regarded as an approach to improve the efficiency of reverse‐time migration by performing wavefield extrapolation on a coarse grid and by generating the final image on the desired fine grid. 相似文献
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74.
插值预报的一种新方法及其在降水预报中的应用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文针对经典插值预报方法存在的不足,遵循插值预报的基本原理,提出了插值预报的一种新方法,此方法的实质是考虑了预报系统中不同预报因子对系统的最后演变结果的不同作用,将此方法应用于云南18个测站五月雨量的预报中,结果表明,此方法无论在历史预报方面还是在外推预报方面均具有良好的稳定性和预报精度。 相似文献
75.
This note explains a technique used for pre-processing three-dimensional survey data obtained at embayed beaches that exhibit distinct alongshore curvature. Using a log-spiral function fitted to the beach planform, the data is transformed from Cartesian into an alternative alongshore–cross-shore coordinate system. When undergoing this transformation, the curvature in the survey data is effectively removed. This greatly simplifies the application of standard interpolation methods, and in this transformed coordinate system the alongshore and cross-shore directions are now explicitly defined. Using a property unique to the log-spiral, the interpolated data is readily transformed back into the original Cartesian coordinate system for further analyses and interpretation. The practical application and advantages of this technique are then demonstrated using survey data from two embayed beaches in south-eastern Australia. 相似文献
76.
集合KALMAN滤波和最优插值方法在不同观测分布的比较理想试验 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目前一种比较流行并且可行的同化方法-集合Kalman滤波(EnKF)能够计算依赖于流的误差统计量。理论上,EnKF能够比最优插值、三维变分等更准确地计算误差统计量,能更好地融合背景场和观测场的信息。作者利用二维平流扩散方程经过10天的同化循环,比较不同观测分布的情况下EnKF和最优插值(OI)的模拟能力。理想试验结果显示,随着观测分布密度的减小,尤其是当观测的分辨率大于OI估计的相关尺度时,集合Kalman滤波的结果比最优插值有更明显的改进。 相似文献
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79.
依据秦巴山区96个气象站点1951—2016年逐日最低气温数据,利用一元线性回归、M-K突变检验法和Cressman插值法分析了初、终霜日和霜期变化的时空特征,并对终霜日和霜期的变化趋势及其与海拔高度的关系进行了分析,结果表明:在时间变化上,秦巴山区平均初霜日呈现出推迟的趋势,且在1960年左右发生了显著突变,而平均终霜日则与之相反,表现出提前的趋势,平均霜期也呈现出显著的减少趋势,且在20世纪60年代中期至70年代末期间表现得十分明显;空间变化上,秦巴山区初霜日和霜期呈现出较大的南北差异,而终霜日则表现为较大的东西差异;在与海拔分布的关系上,秦巴山区部分地区终霜日和霜期的变化趋势有明显的海拔依赖性,表现为西部和中东部地区终霜日的变化趋势随海拔高度的增加而减少,北部地区霜期的变化趋势随着海拔高度的增加而减少。 相似文献
80.
粒度特征是沉积物的基本特征之一.计算沉积物粒度参数的方法主要有矩法和图解法两种,其中图解法必须通过手工作图求累积曲线,是一项相当繁杂的劳动,不利于计算大量样品.文中提出的方法将图解求沉积物样品的累积曲线百分位数的过程转化为不等区间的一维函数内插值问题,然后利用通用程序MATLAB的函数功能求解百分位数和计算粒度参数.计算结果和验算表明MATLAB计算相当可靠,完全可以代替手工作图.该方法原理简单,使任何懂或不懂编程的沉积分析人员,都能在计算机的帮助下无须作图用图解法计算样品的粒度参数,既能使粒度分析从繁杂 相似文献