论天山古洋盆关闭的地质时限——来自伊宁地块石炭系的新证据

天山古洋盆关闭的地质时限倍受地质界关注,久有泥盆纪晚期或石炭纪初期,石炭纪晚期以及二叠纪期间3种分歧。由残余盆地恢复原型盆地,是造山带古洋盆恢复的基础,钙碱系列火成岩可作为古洋盆恢复的重要证据。伊宁地块石炭纪的残余盆地沉积记录、火山岩建造、侵入岩特征、化石组合及古生物地理区系分布特征、地层接触关系及构造变形特征等新成果证实,以区内阿克沙克组与伊什基里克组间广泛而明显的区域性角度不整合面(鄯善运动)为界,下石炭统钙碱性系列火山岩-沉积地层组合发育复杂的不协调褶曲,尖棱褶皱,强烈的揉皱和区域性韧性断层,产出于南方型热带-亚热带古生物地理区系,为区域性挤压构造体制下的岛弧-弧后盆地建造,是塔里木板块的主要组成部分,而上石炭统碱性系列双峰式火山岩及沉积地层组合则是典型的北方型温带古生物地理区的大陆裂谷火山-沉积建造,构造变形极弱,形成于区域性伸展构造环境,是准噶尔板块与塔里木板块缝合后的陆内建造。基于这些新的资料和分析,天山古洋盆的关闭时限是早石炭世晚期。     

一种基于场景合成和锚点约束的SAR目标检测网络

随着深度学习方法在计算机视觉领域的崛起,如何将其应用于具有全天时、全天候等优点的SAR图像也成为一大研究重点.相较于传统图像,SAR图像由于其难判读、应用人群较少等原因难以获得大量标注数据.本文提出一种基于场景合成和锚点约束的SAR图标检测方法.通过区域生长算法和阈值法对SAR车辆目标及其阴影进行分割,然后随机嵌入SAR复杂场景中的合理区域来合成目标检测数据集.针对SAR车辆目标的几何特性、图像分辨率参数,对Faster-RCNN中的锚点大小进行约束,减少不符合SAR车辆目标检测框尺寸的候选框,大量约简冗余计算,提升训练、测试效率及精度.     

Making a photomap of the human eye based on the spherical shape of its sclera and the circular contour of its iris

Iridology was defined as a method of diagnostic used in alternative medicine to analyze health status by studying colors, marks and signs in the sclera of the eye which according to iridologists can be demarcated into zones corresponding to parts of the human body. These are then made into “iridology charts” for comparison with photo images of a patient’s eyes. Due to the large tilt angles of the images relative to the eye’s geometrical axis, accurate comparison is not possible, and this paper suggests the use of photogrammetric methods for making a photomap for each of the patient’s eyes which is then compared to its respective iridology chart. Because of the small overlapping area between any two successive images (about 20%) and the lack of control points, we were prevented from using conventional photogrammetric methods and instead had to develop an alternative photogrammetric method based on the spherical shape of the sclera and the circular shape of the iris contour. Accuracy tests showed that this method is relatively accurate and has small residuals following the process of bundle adjustment.     

一类具有等式约束的带乘性噪声系统的最优滤波算法

针对动态数据处理领域观测方程中存在乘性噪声的情况,提出在乘性噪声系统中状态附等式约束的一套滤波算法。该算法首先通过把观测向量进行扩维,然后基于投影定理进行滤波求解得到基于线性最小方差的最优滤波算法。通过与基于最优化理论的方法求解得到的算法进行对比分析及仿真对比验证了该算法的有效性。     

教学中消除限制条件的条件平差求解方法探讨

目前大多数的教材对附有限制条件的条件平差有现成的公式,但总体来说计算比较复杂.文章提出了一种新的方法,从消除限制条件出发,把非独立参数表达成独立参数的函数,从而把附有限制条件的条件平差转化为附有参数的条件平差,达到求解简单的目的.文章的研究也证明了目前有的教材删除附有限制条件平差的正确性.     

改化的线性拟合法在轨道平行度检测中的应用

轨道平行度信息一般通过一组轨道不同里程处跨距的变化来反映,这当中涉及到的一个重要问题即待检轨道的线型拟合问题。对直线轨道而言,在轨道不存在变形情况下,两根轨道所代表的直线应在几何上保持斜率一致,直线间距离等于轨道理论跨距,若轨道存在变形则跨距相应变化。本文以某重工企业行车轨道平行度检测为例,在其轨道线性拟合及跨距计算工作中对不同限制条件进行适宜性分析,并选择改化的线性拟合法进行目标参数计算。     

Will you escort your child to school? The effect of spatial and temporal constraints of parental employment

Children's independent mobility in many urban areas in the United States has been in decline. This implies that children's out-of-home travel involves the company of adults more often than before. This need requires parents to seek ways to balance work-family life. This study examines the factors that influence a parent-child joint trip to school in dual-earner households, with special consideration given to parental work arrangements and location, which act as intra-household temporal and spatial constraints. The study is carried out in the five-county Los Angeles region, drawing from household travel diaries from the 2001 Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) Post Census Regional Household Travel Survey. The results show that parental employment, especially the mother's, is a very important factor influencing the probability of a joint trip to school. In terms of temporal constraints, longer working hours will reduce the likelihood that a child will be escorted by its parents. However, the option of flexible work hours offsets the negative effect of long working hours by offering a higher degree of scheduling flexibility. In terms of spatial constraints, the closer the mother's workplace is to the school, the more likely it is that the child will be escorted by the parents. This research provides important evidence that a child's joint trip is heavily influenced by the parents' work schedule and location. The findings shed light on how the provision of certain employment policies and programs may affect joint trips to school.     

地面与井中观测条件下的微地震干涉逆时定位算法

勘探和开发非常规油气藏已经成为国际油气工业界的新热点.由于这类油藏具有低渗透率的特点,开采过程中往往需要多级压裂形成能够使烃类自由流动的裂隙.通过定位分析压裂过程中诱导的微地震震源能够帮助人们刻画裂缝属性(走向、密度等),评价压裂效果,分析断裂模式,推定震源机制等.微地震定位可以采用波动方程逆时聚焦方法实现.由于微地震数据信噪比低,加之速度模型不准确、稀疏观测等诸多因素使得定位的精度大打折扣.本文将波动方程逆时聚焦定位原理与干涉"成像"原理相结合,探讨多源微地震信号的干涉逆时定位算法,尤其扩展该算法到三维多分量地面、井中以及井地联合观测条件下.通过理论合成数据与实际射孔资料的数值试验,展示了该微地震定位算法的精度优势与抗噪特点,并指出波场聚焦微地震定位方法在实际应用中的制约因素与应对策略.     

InSAR技术在监测形变中的干涉条件分析

针对InSAR技术在形变监测领域中的应用,本文从分析D-InSAR的干涉机理对其约束条件出发,重点研究空间去相关和形变梯度这两个关键指标对形变信息提取的影响.研究针对不同系统参数的传感器来展开,并论证这两个因素对干涉测量的限制.本文的创新性工作主要集中在以下几个方面: (1)分析了各传感器参数下的临界坡度范围,进而确立了SAR传感器监测的无信息区域;(2)证明了在植被覆盖区,相干性分解必须考虑体散射分量,并依此对模型进行了修正;(3)明确了形变梯度与相位梯度的差异以及两者的函数关系,并将入射角引入形变梯度函数模型.(4)通过模拟数据和真实数据比较各传感器在不同条件下形变监测的优缺点,在统计分析的基础上进一步验证结论.本文的研究是对干涉测量条件的进一步补充,对于理解干涉成像机理、完善InSAR数值计算模型(形变梯度模型和相干性分解模型)以及帮助研究人员根据研究区域特征选择合适的InSAR数据具有一定的参考价值.     

Evaluating the Temporal Organization of Public Service Provision Using Space-Time Accessibility Analysis

In recent years, there has been increasing awareness about the impact of urban time policies on the quality of people's everyday lives. However, within the urban planning field, evaluations of public service delivery have primarily focused on the spatial rather than the temporal organization of public service facilities. This study tries to fill this gap by using space-time accessibility analysis to explore the extent to which changes in open hours affect the social equity of service provision. To this end an accessibility model is implemented and employed in a case study of public service provision in the urban area of Ghent, Belgium. Our analysis not only demonstrates that access to public services exhibits substantial hour-to-hour and day-to-day variations, but it also shows that individuals with certain personal and household attributes are affected differently by changes to the temporal regime of public service facilities.