江西三百山盆地粗面岩锆石年代学与地球化学制约

三百山盆地的粗面岩主要出现在盆地东部仰天湖破火山口构造中,粗面岩锆石SHRIMP测年的年龄为141.56±0.96 Ma,应归属于早白垩世。盆地粗面岩具有钾含量高,全碱含量高,稀土元素配分曲线图表现为右倾的轻稀土富集型,Eu负异常不明显或表现为正异常的特征,表明三百山盆地的粗面岩属橄榄玄粗岩系列,具有高压型粗面岩的特征,标志着一个加厚的陆壳存在;岩浆物质来源于由上地壳物质俯冲到深部与地幔的混合而形成的再循环富集地幔,岩石形成的构造环境为＂同碰撞＂环境,代表挤压至拉张过渡构造环境。     

Influence of Ice and Snow Sports Participation Experience on Participation Constraints among Residents in Southern China: A Quantitative Analysis based on Propensity Score Matching

Under the initiative of “encouraging 300 million people to participate in ice and snow sports” and the guidance of the ‘Evidence-based’ policy-making process, this study takes the Hierarchical Model of Leisure Constraints as the theoretical framework to empirically explore the constraints influencing the participation of residents in Southern China in ice and snow sports. After factor analysis, the constraint dimension of residents’ participation was obtained, and the constraints of participants and non-participants were evaluated and compared by Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results indicate that Chengdu residents have potential interest in and demand for winter sports, and the constraint dimensions are: facilities and services, companions, time, and personal feelings. The predisposition scores of the experimental group and the control group revealed that the constraints on interest, relevant knowledge and skills, and personal feelings of the participating group were significantly lower than those of the non-participating group, while the other constraints were not significant. We suggest that efforts should be made to increase the effective supply according to local conditions in order to reduce structural constraints, and the social attributes should be integrated into ice and snow sports to resolve the inter-personal constraints.     

Land use structure optimization under systematic framework

This paper puts forward the concept of land use structure optimization under space-time coupling through analyzing the systematic characteristic of land use structure optimization. It mainly expounds the construction of land use structure optimization model at different levels. Lastly, this paper explains the practicableness of land use structure optimization under systematic framework through the example of Qionghai city.     

Choice set formation with multiple flexible activities under space–time constraints

In classical time geography, an individual travel path is composed of a chain of visits, with each visit being a flexible activity between two fixed activities at two known stations. In reality, individuals tend to carry out trips with much variation and complexity, with multipurpose trips being a prominent and pervasive phenomenon. There is limited research to date on multipurpose trips in time-geographic analysis by geographic information system (GIS) scientists, or more specifically, multiple flexible activities between two fixed stations. To fill this gap, this article proposes four models for identifying the choice set with multiple flexible activities under space–time constraints. The models are derived through set-theoretic formalism based on the concept of trip chaining. The structure of the four models establishes a theoretical framework for conceptualizing trip-chaining behaviour with respect to the fixity of activities and the number of fixed stations as destinations or origins. They provide fundamental and rigorous apparatus for studying complex individual activity–travel patterns in many applied contexts when multipurpose trips are involved. This article also describes implementation of the models with a real transportation network as a way of validation.     

滇西崇山剪切带南段左行走滑作用的构造特征及时代约束

作为保山地块与兰坪-思茅盆地的重要边界,崇山剪切带新生代以来经历了多阶段的构造变形;其中以大规模走滑韧性剪切作用最为明显,表现为北段以右行走滑剪切为主、南段以左行走滑剪切为主.本文通过对崇山剪切带南段永保桥-瓦窑桥剖面出露的崇山群石英片岩、片麻岩及糜棱岩等进行详细露头解析、室内显微构造观察以及变形石英的EBSD组构分析,认为崇山剪切带南段的岩石新生代以来至少经历了两期不同环境下的韧性变形:第一期(D1)为纯剪条件下的收缩变形,发生的温度条件大约在550 ～ 650℃(角闪岩相),表现为一些褶皱构造、石香肠或透镜体构造的发育及石英的C轴组构图呈斜方对称式;第二期(D2)为单剪递进条件下的左行走滑剪切变形,表现形式为走滑剪切面理的发育及各类岩石遭受韧性剪切变形从而改造成糜棱岩.此外,在崇山剪切带内发育一套含电气石花岗质脉体,根据详细的露头解析及显微构造分析,本文认为该套含电气石花岗质脉体是左行剪切作用初期阶段伴随的深熔作用的产物,为同剪切花岗岩脉.本文选取了两个含电气石花岗质脉体的样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,分别得到21.7±0.3Ma和22.7±0.3Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄,进一步表明了崇山剪切带南段的左行剪切作用起始时代在22Ma左右或略早于22Ma.     

基于干涉成像的微震定位方法

提出了一种基于光学干涉原理,用地震波代替光波进行地震成像的一种新的成像方法:地震干涉成像方法。用这种方法进行微震定位的特点是不需要进行初至拾取,观测系统也可以使用任意阵列检波器。模拟了一个地下震源的二维时间延迟记录,编制了基于C语言的震源定位程序,对接收的记录使用此方法进行成像。通过程序运行结果验证了此方法的可行性,且定位效果明显。     

InSAR干涉形变场远程模拟系统实现与地震地表形变场模拟算例分析

利用InSAR(Interferometric SAR)干涉测量技术可以获得地表形变场(视线向, LOS), 将其与弹性半空间中一定断层模型模拟计算出的地表形变场进行正演分析, 以便获取发震断层的几何学和运动学参数, 是一种典型的前向模拟模式。 该计算模式由于模拟计算程序调试、 安装过程的复杂性, 使得在每台微机上安装此类程序不仅费时费力, 且浪费大量的计算资源。 文中首先介绍了实现InSAR干涉形变场模拟模型由单机推广到Internet/Intranet上进行远程计算最终建立“InSAR干涉形变场远程模拟系统”的过程, 并基于此系统平台对1997年玛尼M_S7.9地震的InSAR地表形变场进行了模拟试算、分析等。     

干涉走时微地震震源定位方法

本文基于地震波场干涉原理,建立了干涉走时微地震震源定位方法.该方法将两个接收点相对于一个微地震事件的走时差(称为干涉走时)的扰动作为残差函数,通过迭代求解最小残差函数,最终获得震源的空间位置.干涉走时震源定位方法利用两个接收点的到时差消除发震时刻未知和速度模型误差的影响,简化了震源定位算法.数值计算表明,本文提出的干涉走时定位方法在速度模型有误差的情况下仍然可以获得准确的微地震震源定位.     

基于快速分布式目标探测的时序雷达干涉测量方法:以Lost Hills油藏区为例

针对当前分布式目标雷达干涉测量运算效率低、选点困难等问题,本文提出了一种建立在快速同质点选取下的干涉数据处理框架.相比之前的时序数据处理方法,新方法具有选点快速、自适应性强的特点,能在保留影像分辨率基础之上增加空间点密度.另外,在统计推断的基础上,提出基于无偏空间相干性估计的分布式目标选择方法,进而弥补了传统经验阈值设定的缺陷.本文以美国加州Lost Hills油田区为例,在论证数据处理框架的可行性基础之上,分析了因孔隙流体萃取和孔隙压力降低引起的地表变形.     

基于多元信息约束的隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿床的定位——以云南北衙金矿区红泥塘矿段为例

矽卡岩型矿床是云南北衙金多金属矿区的一种主要矿床类型,受岩体、构造及层位等控制,其有利找矿空间为中酸性岩体与碳酸盐岩的接触带.以岩石物性为纽带,实现目标地质体与地球物理场的转换,提取有效信息.接触带中低电阻率、岩体的低密度性、铁矿的高磁性和高极化率等都是矽卡型铁矿床的特有地球物理属性.通过地质地球物理等多元信息的层层约束,解析不同级次的成矿要素问题,实现对隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿床的定位,建立地球物理勘探模式,并在矿区外围开展方法有效性的验证,取得了良好的勘探效果,提出一套适应于北衙地区及类似成矿地质背景下的隐伏矽卡岩型铁矿床定位预测方法.