摩擦消能支撑钢框架结构的弹塑性地震反应时程分析

本文分析了摩擦消能支撑及框架主体结构弹塑性本构关系，并给出了动力时程分析的计算方法。同时，对六层钢框架模型做了各种工况下的地震反应时程分析。结果表明，摩擦消能支撑钢框架（FEDBF）比抗弯钢框架（MRF）的地震作用明显降低，尤其在强震作用下效果更加明显。     

地震动力过程与地震预测模型研究

地震的孕育、发生和发展是地球介质内微裂纹系演化的动力过程，包括线性成扩展阶段和临界增长阶段，后一阶段涉及到裂纹系的非线性增长与涨落耗散，并当达到某个临界点时，即开始单一裂纹的支配过程而发生地震。     

天山地壳非均匀性与地震分布

根据重力、航磁及地震波传播速度等地球物理资料，研究了天山地区的深部构造特征。发现天山两缘是地壳物质组成变化较大的场所，也是介质结构最不稳定的区域。地震的发生不仅涉及到地表断裂构造的分布和活动方式，而且与深部物质的非均匀程度有一定的联系。大部分中强地震都发生在地壳中部附近不同速度体之间的梯度带附近，那里是深部介质分布最不均匀的构造层位。它的存在与中强地震的孕育场所密切相关，在构造应力的作用下很容易发     

Formalism for traveltime inversion with finite frequency effects

A simple modification of the waveform inversion formula, based on the normal mode perturbation theory, is shown to lead to a formula for traveltime anomalies. The kernel which is derived can be used for traveltime inversion with automatic inclusion of finite frequency effects. Inversion for Earth structure with such kernels will lead to better resolution estimates than ray-theoretical traveltime inversion. Examples of kernels for transverse component seismograms are shown for direct S waves, ScS , Love waves and diffracted S waves. A measure of finite frequency effects is also proposed by comparing our formula with the one from ray theory. A quantity which should be 1 in the case of ray theory is computed for the finite frequency kernels and is shown to have deviations up to about 30 per cent from 1. Therefore, the use of ray theory for long-period body waves applies incorrect weight along a ray path and may introduce a small bias to an earth model.     

关于固体地球系统与地质作用的三点认识

文中讨论了作为极复杂巨系统的固体地球内部运动规律的 3条推论 :(1)地球系统在偏离平衡态时 ,有选择能量耗散最小方式的“惯性” ,在系统内禀熵急增时或者回到一种准稳定的定态 ,或者通过自组织迅速减少内禀熵增加率。换言之 ,地球系统可能有种尽量保存自身内能不受大量耗散的惯性 ,使其总体内禀熵产生率对时空的积分取极小值。我们把这一认识称为总体熵产生率取极小准则 ,对于孤立与渐变的地质过程 ,它等同于热力学第二定律与普里高津最小熵产生原理 ,对于极复杂地球巨系统及远离平衡态情况加了“总体”两字 ,意思是在局部或短期突变时熵产生率可能是大的 ,但它对全球与长时间的积分而言仍然取极小。换句话说 ,作为一个巨系统 ,固体地球在其局部远离平衡状态时 ,仍然能保持总体上内能消耗取极小的惯性 ,维持对全部固体地球时空系统总体熵产生率取极小准则。 (2 )关于地质作用过程演化的定态遍历准则。地球系统的复杂性不仅表现在其非线性 ,即同时存在着多种可能的定态作为其演化的趋势 ,而且表现在其时空发展过程中将经历尽可能多的定态。非线性非平衡态动力学的一般规律符合大多数包含激变事件的地质作用过程。将来在地球系统偏离平衡态足够远时 ,它可能会具有无穷多个耗散结构 ,因而使系统进入完全?     

Scattering and dissipation of seismic waves in the presence of nonlinearity

The processes of seismic wave scattering and dissipation are examined in a medium that, in addition to being inhomogeneous and anelastic, is nonlinear and seismically active (seismic emission). In such a medium, there is a complex interrelation between the effects of nonlinearity, scattering and dissipation. Thus, nonlinear interactions between the various components (primary, scattered and induced) of a developing wavefield cause nonlinear (or wave-on-wave) scattering and, by transferring part of the wave energy to the high-frequency region, contribute to its scattering and dissipation. On the other hand, whereas dissipation opposes the accumulation of nonlinear effects by reducing the wave amplitudes, scattering assists it by increasing the propagation distance (and hence the interaction time).Estimates based on results of field experiments involving vibrators indicate that, as a rule, scattering on inhomogeneities is much stronger than nonlinear scattering, and that nonlinear effects may often dominate dissipative ones.The nonlinearity of the transmitting medium explains observedQ-value anomalies, and its seismic activity explains the existence ofP coda and the temporal changes in codaQ.     

用超声速气流产生冰晶的试验及测定

在２ｍ３等温云室中进行了塑料小泡压爆及超声速气流在过冷雾中产生冰晶性能的试验，在－１℃到－１７℃温度范围内测试其产生冰晶效率。发现这两种方法均能在过冷雾中产生大量冰晶，直到－１℃。在－８℃时每升空气产生的冰晶为１０１１－１０１２量级。是一种经济有效的催化过冷云雾的方法，很有应用前景。     

Minimal joule dissipation models of magnetospheric convection

This paper gives a topical review of theoretical models of magnetospheric convection based on the concept of minimal Joule dissipation. A two-dimensional slab model of the ionosphere featuring an enhanced conductivity auroral oval is used to compute high-latitude electric fields and currents. Mathematical methods used in the modeling include Fourier analysis, fast Fourier transforms, and variational calculus. Also, conformal transformations are introduced in the analysis, which enable the auroral oval to be represented as a nonconcentric, crescent-shaped figure. Convection patterns appropriate to geomagnetic quiet and disturbed conditions are computed, the differentiating variable being the relative amount of power dissipated in the magnetospheric ring current. When ring current dissipation is small, the convection electric field is restricted to high latitudes (shielding regime), and when it is large, a significant penetration of the field to low latitudes occurs, accompanied by an increase in the ratio of the region 1 current to the region 2 current.     

考虑波能耗散的近岸波浪传播数学模型

基于考虑能耗的定常缓坡方程，推导得出包含波能耗散的近岸水域波浪传播变形数学模型，并用所得模型对浅水中波浪的传播进行了计算，将计算结构与Berkhoff的实验数据进行比较，表明二者吻合很好。该数学模型能较好地解决波浪在浅水中的传播变形问题。