BV photometry of five shell galaxies

Current views consider shell structures as bona fide signatures of a recent minor/major merging event though also weak interaction models (WIM) could produce long lasting shells on host galaxies possessing a stellar thick disc.We present a B V band photometric study of a sample of 5 shell galaxies belonging to the Malin & Carter (1983) compilation. The structural properties and colors of the galaxies, as well as the colors of their shells are examined in detail. We did not find signatures of the presence of double nuclei. NGC 7585 is the only E galaxy in the sample and has a moderately boxy structure. The other galaxies have either a discy structure or are mixed E/S0 type galaxies. NGC 474 is a true lenticular. NGC 6776 shows a diffuse asymmetric outer structure and a system of tails of the the same color of the galaxy body; but not clear shells. In general, the color of the shells in our sample is similar or slightly redder than that of the host galaxy, whose color, in turn, is typical of the early‐type morphological class. One of the outer shells of NGC 474 is significantly bluer than the body of the galaxy. Since NGC 474 appears to be interacting with NGC 470, the color of this one shell could be explained as result of a recent acquisition of material through tidal interaction. The WIM hypothesis could explain both the red and the blue shells of NGC 474, this latter acquired from the fly‐by of the nearby companion NGC 470, but the lack of the constancy of shell surface brightness as a ratio of the underlying galaxy brightness argues against WIM. We speculate about evidence, which also comes from different observations, that suggests a merging/accretion origin of the shells. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Analysis of bromate and bromide in drinking water by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the detection of bromate and bromide in drinking water by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) was developed. The optimized conditions of IC including pH and concentration of the effluent were studied. The results showed that the above two species of bromine were baseline separated within nine minutes under the optimized conditions. The detection limits (S/N=3) of bromate and bromide were 0.23 and 0.12 μg/L, respectively. The RSD (n=6) of the peak areas was 1.2%-3.5%. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of the type bromide in drinking water samples. The recoveries were 95%-109%. The method can be used for the regular analysis of bromate and bromide in real drinking water samples.     

江苏苏南地区高速公路闪电时空分布特征研究

利用江苏省闪电监测定位系统探测2007—2013年地闪观测资料和2013年云闪观测资料,研究了苏南地区高速公路沿线地闪和云闪的时空分布特征。研究表明:1)苏南地区高速公路的年、月地闪频次具有西部多于东部的分布特征,其中扬溧高速最多;6—8月是地闪出现的高峰期,且西部地区出现峰值时间(7月)早于东部地区(8月);但日地闪频次的峰值出现时间东部(13～16 h)要略早于西部地区(14～18 h)。2)地闪强度(峰值电流)主要集中在20～50 kA,总体趋势是东部大于西部;高速公路地闪强度高值区主要集中在宁镇丘陵以及太湖、长江沿线附近,其中南京绕城高速、扬溧高速镇江段、宁杭高速南京段、沿江高速无锡段、沪宁高速等都是地闪密度较高路段。3)云闪集中发生在5—9月,西部地区云闪频次波动明显,总体呈双峰型月变化分布特征;东部地区云闪频次相对集中,呈单峰型月变化分布特征;西部地区出现云闪日高频次的时间(13～18 h)要早于东部地区(17～18 h)。     

基于GIS的公交IC卡数据处理及分析系统

公交数据库里潜含着反映公交运营状况的客流信息,对其进行分析可以为公交线网优化和交通管理提供依据。以北京市为例,在VC＋＋2005开发平台上,利用SQLServer数据库和ArcSDE开发出基于GIS的公交IC卡数据处理及分析系统,不仅能够实现GIS的一般功能,还改进了公交／地铁换乘处理标准,实现全网断面客流以及全网速度的显示。     

Elliptical Galaxies with Emission Lines from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

As part of a study of star formation history along the Hubble sequence, we present here the results for 11 elliptical galaxies with strong nebular emission lines.After removing the dilution from the underlying old stellar populations by use of stellar population synthesis model,we derive the accurate fluxes of all the emission lines in these objects,which are then classified,using emission line ratios, into one Seyfert 2,six LINERs and four HII galaxies.We also identify one HII galaxy (A1216 04)as a hitherto unknown Wolf-Rayet galaxy from the presence of the Wolf- Rayet broad bump at 4650 (?).We propose that the star-forming activities in elliptical galaxies are triggered by either galaxy-galaxy interaction or the merging of a small satellite/a massive star cluster,as has been suggested by recent numerical simulations.     

X-ray emission from dwarf galaxies: IC 2574 revisited

Until recently, few unequivocal detections had been reported of the hot, X-ray emitting gas thought to be associated with the large, coherent structures variously described as supershells or superbubbles in dwarf irregular (dIrr) galaxies. In this contribution we report follow-up XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of our ROSAT detection of X-ray emission associated with the supergiant shell in the nearby dIrr galaxy IC 2574, a member of the M 81 group of galaxies. The spectral properties of the X-ray source suggest that we are dealing with a young (age < 2000 yr) supernova remnant (SNR). This SNR is most likely one of the many supernovae which have exploded in that region and which have created the impressive supergiant HI shell. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Evolution of the Total Lightning Activity in a Leading-Line and Trailing Stratiform Mesoscale Convective System over Beijing

Data from the Beijing SAFIR 3000 lightning detection system and Doppler radar provided some insights into the three-dimensional lightning structure and evolution of a leading-line and trailing-stratiform (LLTS) mesoscale convective system (MCS) over Beijing on 31 July 2007. Most of the lightning in the LLTS-MCS was intracloud (IC) lightning, while the mean ratio of positive cloud-to-ground (+CG) lightning to -CG lightning was 1:4, which was higher than the average value from previous studies. The majority of CG lightning occurred in the convective region of the radar echo, particularly at the leading edge of the front. Little IC lightning and little +CG lightning occurred in the stratiform region. The distribution of the CG lightning indicated that the storm had a tilted dipole structure given the wind shear or the tripole charge structure. During the storm’s development, most of the IC lightning occurred at an altitude of ～9.5 km; the lightning rate reached its maximum at 10.5 km, the altitude of IC lightning in the mature stage of the storm. When the thunderstorm began to dissipate, the altitude of the IC lightning decreased gradually. The spatial distribution of lightning was well correlated with the rainfall on the ground, although the peak value of rainfall appeared 75 min later than the peak lightning rate.     

短波红外光谱技术在浅剥蚀斑岩铜矿区勘查中的应用——以西藏念村矿区为例

作为世界上最重要的一种矿床类型,斑岩铜矿一直是工业界勘查的首选.对此类矿床的勘查,在中-深剥蚀程度的矿区相对简单,而在浅剥蚀的矿区则变得较为困难,这是因为在浅剥蚀的矿区,矿床热液/矿化中心很难快速有效定位.近年来,在矿产勘查领域逐渐得到广泛应用的短波红外光谱技术,可通过特定蚀变矿物反射光谱特征参数系统变化的规律来厘定热液/矿化中心,在块状硫化物及浅成低温矿床中显示出良好的应用效果,这为浅剥蚀斑岩铜矿热液/矿化中心的快速、有效厘定提供了一种途径.为此,文章选择了位于冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段、剥蚀较弱的念村(即夏玛日)矿区,拟通过矿区样品短波红外光谱的系统测量,寻找出蚀变矿物反射光谱特征参数系统变化的规律,进而约束矿床热液/矿化中心.本次研究在念村矿区共识别出7种蚀变矿物,按出现频率由多至少依次为伊利石、绿泥石、蛋白石、叶蜡石、高岭石、绿帘石及多硅白云母;而且,矿区外围以伊利石-绿泥石±绿帘石蚀变矿物组合为主,向内逐渐过渡为伊利石±蛋白石、伊利石-叶蜡石±高岭石组合.通过对伊利石反射光谱特征参数的计算发现,伊利石结晶度及Al-OH吸收峰位,这些通常被认为与伊利石形成温度有关的光谱学参数,在该矿区呈现出系统的变化规律:在矿区东北部,伊利石结晶度较大(＞1.6),Al-OH吸收峰位较小(＜2 203 nm),而该区域的外围,伊利石结晶度变小,Al-OH吸收峰位变大.这表明矿区东北部伊利石的形成温度更高,暗示该区域可能为矿床热液/矿化中心.因此,建议在本次研究所圈定的热液/矿化中心范围内,在适当开展物探工作的基础上,尽快布置勘查工程进行验证,以实现矿床的尽快查找和突破.