Book Reviews

Books reviewed;
D. Fritsch and R. Spiller, Photogrammetric Week '99.
D. R. Wilson, Air Photo Interpretation For Archaeologists
D. R. Green, Gis: A Sourcebook For Schools
R. Gower, Workshop On National Mapping Agencies And The Internet
A. Flotron and O. Koelbl, Precision Terrain Models For Civil Engineering
P. Atkinson and D. Martin, Gis And Geocomputation. Innovations In Gis 7
R. P. Kirby, Revision Measurement Of Large Scale Topographic Data
J. Höhle, Automatic Orientation Of Aerial Images On Database Information
S. Dequal, L. A. Koen and F. Renaudo, Comparison Of National Guidelines For Technical And Cadastral Mapping In Europe ("Ferrara Test")
P. J. Gibson, Introductory Remote Sensing: Principles and Concepts
T. Luhmann, Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie: Grundlagen, Methoden Und Anwendungen     

遥测地震台网记录限幅时速报震级的估算

以遥测地震台网大量的观测资料为基础，拟合了限幅时间t的对数与近震震级ML的线性回归关系，结果显示二者有很好的相关性，相关系数为0．967，标准误差为0．2121。检验证实结果是可靠的。得出当台网记录限幅时，采用这种方法快速估算震级进行速报是可行的结论。     

锂同位素质谱法测定及其样品制备研究进展

近几十年来，锂同位素比值的测量得到了快速的发展。影响锂同位素比值测定因素很多，特别是在测定过程中分馏现象和记忆效应等都会引起锂同位素测定比值很大的误差。简要总结了锂同位素组成的质谱测定以及从天然样品（主要是固体样品）中提取纯化锂的方法。着重介绍了锂同位素测定中样品带使用的进展，从单带涂样发展到三带涂样，大大降低了测定中的锂同位素分馏。本文还对各种涂样形式的使用进行了比较。     

二苯硫脲－甲基异丁酮泡塑富集液珠萃取比色法测定化探样品中的金银

在１０％ＨＣＩ介质中，采用二苯硫脲（ＤＰＴＵ）－甲基异丁酮（ＭＩＢＫ）泡沫塑料富集，以金试剂液珠萃取比色法测定了化探样品中的Ａｕ和Ａｇ。方法的检出限：Ａｕ０．５×１０￣－９；Ａｓ５×１０￣－９（１０ｇ称样）。利用此方法制备了“野外快速分析箱”，可在野外简陋条件下进行现场测定。     

海洋沉积物可溶铁测定条件的探讨

海洋沉积物可溶铁Fe~(3+)/Fe~(2+)比值,已被海洋地质工作者作为海洋油气化探的一项间接指标应用于东海油气化探中。这种铁的含量受提取酸的种类、浓度、样品微沸时间、放置时间等条件的影响。必须采用统一的可溶铁测定方法,只有在同一标准条件下测定的海洋沉积物可溶铁结果才有对比意义。     

染料交换荧光分光光度法测定地球化学样品中痕量铊

研究表明，在Ｈ３ＰＯ４介质中，丁基罗丹明Ｂ可从乙酸异戊酯有机相中的［Ｔ１Ｂｒ４］＾－－结晶紫缔合物中置换结晶紫而形成新的离子缔合三元荧光络合物。详细考察了该络合物形成的最佳条件、荧光特征及萃取溶剂等，制定了地球化学样品中痕量Ｔ１的荧光光度测定新方法，其检出限０．００５μｇ／ｍｌ．Ｔ１量在０－０．５μｇ／ｍｌ范围与荧光强度呈正比。测定了含Ｔ１量０．６１－１．９μｇ／ｇ的８个一级地球化学标样，结果相符     

X射线荧光光谱法测定叶腊石中的铝铁钾钠

采用同一矿区已知成分含量的叶腊石配制标样系列，克服了粉末法测定叶腊石中Ａｌ２Ｏ３，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３，Ｋ２Ｏ，Ｎａ２Ｏ的矿物和粒度效应。分析结果准确度满足出口材料的检测要求。     

A study on the combination of satellite, airborne, and terrestrial gravity data

Satellite gravity missions, such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, and airborne gravity campaigns in areas without ground gravity will enhance the present knowledge of the Earths gravity field. Combining the new gravity information with the existing marine and ground gravity anomalies is a major task for which the mathematical tools have to be developed. In one way or another they will be based on the spectral information available for gravity data and noise. The integration of the additional gravity information from satellite and airborne campaigns with existing data has not been studied in sufficient detail and a number of open questions remain. A strategy for the combination of satellite, airborne and ground measurements is presented. It is based on ideas independently introduced by Sjöberg and Wenzel in the early 1980s and has been modified by using a quasi-deterministic approach for the determination of the weighting functions. In addition, the original approach of Sjöberg and Wenzel is extended to more than two measurement types, combining the Meissl scheme with the least-squares spectral combination. Satellite (or geopotential) harmonics, ground gravity anomalies and airborne gravity disturbances are used as measurement types, but other combinations are possible. Different error characteristics and measurement-type combinations and their impact on the final solution are studied. Using simulated data, the results show a geoid accuracy in the centimeter range for a local test area.     

Sensitivity of GPS and GLONASS orbits with respect to resonant geopotential parameters

The Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) has been involved in the processing of combined GPS/GLONASS data during the International GLONASS Experiment (IGEX). The resulting precise orbits were analyzed using the program SORBDT. Introducing one satellites positions as pseudo-observations, the program is capable of fitting orbital arcs through these positions using an orbit improvement procedure based on the numerical integration of the satellites orbit and its partial derivative with respect to the orbit parameters. For this study, the program was enhanced to estimate selected parameters of the Earths gravity field. The orbital periods of the GPS satellites are —in contrast to those of the GLONASS satellites – 2:1 commensurable (P _Sid:P _GPS) with the rotation period of the Earth. Therefore, resonance effects of the satellite motion with terms of the geopotential occur and they influence the estimation of these parameters. A sensitivity study of the GPS and GLONASS orbits with respect to the geopotential coefficients reveals that the correlations between different geopotential coefficients and the correlations of geopotential coefficients with other orbit parameters, in particular with solar radiation pressure parameters, are the crucial issues in this context. The estimation of the resonant geopotential terms is, in the case of GPS, hindered by correlations with the simultaneously estimated radiation pressure parameters. In the GLONASS case, arc lengths of several days allow the decorrelation of the two parameter types. The formal errors of the estimates based on the GLONASS orbits are a factor of 5 to 10 smaller for all resonant terms. AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to thank all the organizations involved in the IGS and the IGEX campaign, in particular those operating an IGS or IGEX observation site and providing the indispensable data for precise orbit determination.