细观非均匀性对岩石破裂过程和微震序列类型影响的数值试验研究

运用岩石破裂过程分析RFPA2D系统，研究了岩石介质细观非均匀性对宏观力学行为的影响和微震序列特征. 通过对不同均质度系数m=1.1，1.5，2，3，5的5个样本进行破裂过程的模拟，发现均质度不同会产生不同地震序列类型，主要有：前震-主震-余震型、主震型和震群型. 此外，对5种不同均质度系数的岩石样本破裂过程的模拟表明，岩石介质的非均匀性不仅对岩样宏观强度和宏观变形非线性行为有显著的影响，而且也显著地影响试样破裂模式. 随着均质度系数的提高，主破裂呈现脆断模式. 同时介质的细观结构随机性，也对试样宏观破裂模式产生重要影响.     

Shear-hosted Mesothermal Vein System in the Jiapigou Goldfield, Northeast China: Implication for Subsequent Exploration

Abstract. The auriferous mesothermal lodes and veins occurred in the Jiapigou Goldfield, Jilin Province, Northeast China, are inevitably hosted by shear zones or fractures of varying orientations and magnitudes. Our recent study suggests that the Jiapigou major shear zone (JMSZ) - a regional NW-SE-trending driving structure, played an essential role in the formation and localization of the shear-hosted auriferous mesothermal systems. Regional dextral shearing of the JMSZ controlled the general occurrences and orientations of lodes and veins, and consequently, constrained the development of the internal structures, geometric details and final localization of lodes and veins. Therefore, the development and final localization of shear-hosted gold system can be comprehensively recognized in terms of both the Riedel shear system theory and the effects of the regional prolonged progressive deformation of subhorizontally right-lateral shearing. The lodes and veins belonging to "R-" and "D-shear" would tend to be much more stable along their strike and dip directions than those belonging to "T-fracture" in the Riedel shear system. However, due to the prolonged progressive deformation, the original T-fractures might undergo local strain localization and partitioning and finally were modified into hybrid fractures filled by auriferous quartz veins, as displayed by many typical lodes and veins occurred in the Jiapigou Goldfield. In order to refine predictive exploration modeling, it is important to understand the structural attributes, geometries, and final localization kinematics of ore-hosting shears in a huge shear system as that developed in the Jiapigou Goldfield.     

The influence of matrix rheology and vorticity on fabric development of populations of rigid objects during plane strain deformation

The influence of vorticity and rheology of matrix material on the development of shape-preferred orientation (SPO) of populations of rigid objects was experimentally studied. Experiments in plane strain monoclinic flow were performed to model the fabric development of two populations of rectangular rigid objects with object aspect ratios (R_ob) 2 and 3. The density of the rigid object populations was 14% of the total area. Objects were dispersed in a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian, power law matrix material with a power law exponent n of 1.2. The kinematic vorticity number (W_n) of the plane strain monoclinic flow was 1, 0.8 and 0.6 with finite simple shear strain of 4.6, 3.0 and 0.9, respectively. In experiments with R_ob=3, the SPO is strongly influenced by W_n and the material properties of the matrix. Deformation of a power law matrix material and low W_n resulted in a stronger SPO than deformation of a linear viscous matrix and high W_n. Strain localization coupled with particle interaction plays a significant role in the development of a shape-preferred orientation. High strain simple shear zones separate trains of rigid objects that are surrounded by low strain zones with W_n lower than the bulk W_n. In fabrics involving populations of objects with R_ob=2, rheology of the matrix materials does not systematically influence the intensity of the SPO.     

用MATLAB 实现地震数据的小波变换

小波变换借助于时－频局部分析特性，已经成为地震资料处理中的一种重要工具。作者在阐述其基本原理后，讨论了如何选择小波基（函数），并利用MATLAB语言及小波工具箱，实现了SEG－Y格式地震数据文件的小波分析，取得了令人满意的效果。     

基于地方化、城市化和全球化制造业空间集聚分析——以长三角区域为例

以制造业集聚指数作为测度指标,利用空间面板数据模型检验了地方化、城市化以及全球化要素对制造业整体集聚水平的具体影响。研究发现：① 长三角区域制造业高度集中在苏南?上海?杭（杭州）绍（绍兴）甬（宁波）组成的区域且地位稳固,同时苏北和浙西南地区的制造业虽然比例较低,但是总体地位有所提升。② 地方化要素中的职工工资和开发区变量对县域制造业集聚具有显著的正向作用,土地价格则呈现出显著的负向影响,市场规模和交通的作用不稳定。城市化要素中的城市规模、城镇化率、外来迁入人口以及城市制造业结构多样化均表现出显著的正向促进作用,表明了长三角区域城市化的推进促进了制造业集聚水平的提升。全球化表现出不同的作用方向,其中FDI对制造业集聚指数的影响显著为负,出口变量表现出显著的正向作用。     

从在地化、去地化到再地化：中国城镇化进程中的人地关系转型

人地关系是透视中国城镇化进路的重要视角。论文在历史向度上分析了城镇化进程中人地关系转型的发展脉络和基本逻辑,认为中国人地关系经历了在地化、去地化和再地化3个阶段。在地化阶段,农本立国的经济形态决定了人们对乡土的经济依附和情感依恋,人地关系的在地化逻辑难以动摇;去地化阶段,中国的工业化、城镇化转型推动农民离土出乡,人不离土的价值观束缚发生了结构性松动,在土地与户籍制度的影响下,被动失地的农民与主动离地的农民共同主导了人地关系的去地化过程;再地化阶段,制度变革引领农民真正成为城镇化的主体,乡愁推动城乡文明走向共生,二者助推中国人地关系重塑。对人地关系变迁的历史脉络和基本逻辑的梳理,可以为适应新时代的人地关系的制度调节和新型城镇化道路的顺利实践提供理论借鉴。     

Use of non-linear localization for isolating structures from earthquake-induced motions

The dynamic response due to earthquake-induced excitations of multi-storey buildings simulated by a cantilever (with attached concentrated masses) supported on a flexible foundation, is reconsidered when stiffness non-linearities are included. To this end, a suitable non-linear spring-mass device is placed between the ground and the mass of the foundation, which under certain conditions can absorb a significant amount of seismic energy over a large frequency range, thus drastically reducing the seismic response of the foundation. This is achieved by the stiffness non-linearity that gives rise to a localization phenomenon, according to which motions generated by external disturbances remain passively localized close to the point of seismic excitation instead of ‘spreading’ to the entire structure. The implications of these findings to the design of earthquake-resistant structures are discusssed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An approach to evaluate ground surface rupture caused by reverse fault movement

An approach for estimating ground surface rupture caused by strong earthquakes is presented in this paper, where the finite element （FE） method of continuous and discontinuous coalescent displacement fields is adopted. The onset condition of strain localization is introduced to detect the formation of the slippage line. In the analysis, the Drucker-Prager constitutive model is used for soils and the rate- and state-dependent friction law is used on the slippage line to simulate the evolution of the sliding. A simple application to evaluate the ground surface rupture induced by a reverse fault movement is provided, and the numerical simulation shows good agreement with failure characteristics observed in the field after strong earthquakes.     

基于Pn/Pg相对定位方法研究2017年8月8日九寨沟M7.0地震起始破裂深度

本文利用Pn/Pg相对定位方法,测定了2017年8月8日四川九寨沟M7.0主震及部分余震的起始破裂深度.地震的起始破裂深度是理解地震孕震机理的重要参数,而九寨沟地区台网稀疏,地壳速度结构复杂,基于传统的到时定位方法测定地震起始破裂深度误差较大.Pn/Pg相对定位方法首先基于流动观测近台记录对2017年8月10日M4.1和11月7日M4.5余震震源位置进行测定,选择其为参考事件,再利用Pg校正主震水平位置,Pn约束震源起始深度,基于参考事件可以有效降低速度模型对震源位置测定的影响.结果显示：九寨沟主震起始破裂深度约9 km,早期余震的震源深度分布在7~13 km,主要集中在主震起始破裂深度附近.