基于免疫遗传算法解算GPS病态方程

介绍了利用免疫遗传算法解决GPS快速动态定位中法矩阵的病态问题,将其求解问题转化成一个函数优化问题。在遗传算法中加入免疫因子,使在抗体的选择过程中避免了退化现象的发生,提高了算法的整体性能。理论分析和算例结果表明,方法能够有效提高定位效率。     

Deconvolution with wavelets and vaguelettes

The use of wavelets for the solution of convolution equations is studied as a possible alternative to the well-established Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. Two possible solution strategies are investigated: (1) The use of wavelets for the representation of both the given data and the unknown solution. This leads to an algorithm with good de-noising and data-compression properties. In terms of computational efficiency this algorithm is inferior to FFT. (2) The use of wavelets for the representation of the unknown solution and of so-called vaguelettes for the representations of the given data. This leads to an algorithm which is even faster than FFT. Received: 14 October 1998 / Accepted: 30 November 1999     

Unification Of Non-Dimensional Solutions To Asymptotic Equations For Plumes Of Different Shape

A model of buoyant fluid rise is developed in aLagrangian framework. Results from the model arevalidated by comparison with laboratory and fieldexperiments. The model is sufficiently general toinclude geometries of any cross-sectional shape. Exact solutions to the asymptotic equations forcontinuous discharges from line and point sources andfor an instantaneous discharge from a point source areconsidered. Prismatic, cylindrical andspherical shapes approximate these three geometries,respectively. Accommodation of these shapes withinthe same general model allows for direct comparison. It is shown that, for discharges into a cross-flowthat may be stratified or unstratified, thenon-dimensional trajectory, thickness and dilution canbe uniquely specified using three parameters. Theseare the non-dimensional size of the source, therelative importance of the initial fluxes of momentumand buoyancy and the number of orthogonal axes throughwhich entrainment can occur. Such non-dimensionalresults are particularly useful for examining thosescenarios for which there are limited experimentaldata.     

关于电磁场的结构

本文讨论了电磁场的结构。作者从变分原理导出了麦氏方程蛆,同时又阐述了电磁场是规范场和电磁势是U(1)丛上的联络这两个近代观点。通过把麦氏方程组表示成外微分形式,作者得到了罗仑兹协变的电磁场方程组。从在不单连通的底流形上的U(1)丛上存在不同的联络这一事实出发,作者得出了Aha-ranov-Bohm效应。最后,考虑到麦氏方程组对(?)和(?)的对称性,还讨论了磁单极问题。     

CHARACTER OF SIMPLIFIED NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS FOR NEAR THE LEADING EDGE PART OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL LAMINAR FLOW PAST A FLAT PLATE

Starting from the Simplified Navier-Stokes(SNS)equations presented at first by Godovachev-Kuzmin-Tsopov,and Gao Zhi,Davis,the authors analyze the character of the SNS equations for the laminarflow near the leading edge of a flat plate and far away from the plate by using the Weiner—Hopf meth-od and Fourier transform.It is proved that the solution of the SNS equations agree with the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for flow near the leading edge of the plate and far away from the plate.How to match the solution of the SNS equations to the Blasius solution of the boundary layer equationsis also discussed.     

A study of non-linear tidal propagation in shallow inlet/estuarine systems Part II: Theory

The generation of tidal asymmetries is clarified via numerical integration of the one-dimensional equations for channel geometries characteristic of shallow estuaries. Channels without tidal flats develop a time asymmetry characterized by a longer falling than rising tide. This behavior is enhanced by strong friction and large channel cross-sectional area variability over a tidal cycle. Resulting tidal currents have a shorter, intense flood and a longer, weak ebb (flood-dominant). Addition of tidal flats to the channels can produce a longer rising tide and stronger ebb currents (ebb-dominant), if the area of tidal flats is large enough to overcome the effects of time-variable channel geometry. Weaker friction with flats can also produce this asymmetry.Despite the physical complexity of these systems, essential features of estuarine tidal response can be recovered from one-dimensional models. Shallow estuaries are shown to have a system response leading to stable, uniform senses of tidal asymmetry (either flood- or ebb-dominated, due to phase-locking of forced tidal constituents), with down-channel development in magnitude of asymmetry. These concepts are illustrated by modeling idealized representations of tidal channels at Nauset Inlet, MA, and Wachapreague Inlet, VA, which have flood- and ebb-dominance, respectively.     

概率扩张与概率赋范空间中非线性方程的解

给出了概率扩张的定义，并研究了概率赋范空间中非线性方程解的存在性和唯一性     

Analytic signals for multivariate data

Hilbert transformation is a standard tool in univariate signal-processing. It leaves the information content unaffected for, apart from a change of sign, the iterated transform reproduces the original data. As we know from Fourier transforms, such alternative representations of the same information, notwithstanding their theoretical equivalence with the data, can assist powerfully with extracting and interpreting that information. Although the extension to multivariate data is not so obvious for Hilbert as for Fourier transforms, Nabighian gave a treatment of the bivariale situation in 1984. Fueter, some 50 years earlier, had worked on an analogous extension problem, seeking to generalize complex function theory. On comparing these two developments we learn that, although Nabighian's transforms fit naturally into Fueter's theory, they are only one among many alternative possibilities. This paper presents a general theory, of higher dimensional Hilbert transforms and analytic signals, applicable to data of all dimensions less than eight. The change-of-field-direction fillers used in geophysical data processing are shown to arise as special situations.     

Accuracy of kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations for space-independent flows with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation

Error equations for the kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation are derived under simplified conditions for space-independent flows. These equations specify error as a function of time in the flow hydrograph. The kinematic wave, diffusion wave and dynamic wave solutions are parameterized through a dimensionless parameter γ which is dependent on the initial conditions. This parameter reflects the effect of initial flow depth, channel-bed slope, lateral inflow and channel roughness when the initial condition is non-vanishing; and it reflects the effect of bed slope, channel roughness and acceleration due to gravity when the initial condition is vanishing. The error equations are found to be the Riccati equation. The structure of the error equations in the case when the momentum equation neglects lateral inflow is different from that when the lateral inflow is included.     

CONSTABLE: A SIMPLE ONE-DIMENSIONAL CLIMATE MODEL FOR CLIMATOLOGISTS IN GEOGRAPHY

A one-dimensional global climate model is constructed from both the basic energy balance equation for the earth-atmosphere system and the planetary boundary layer equations of motion. The theoretically based model accurately simulates many features of the present climate system and appears useful in evaluating various climatic change mechanisms. The simplicity of this process-response model increases its educational and research applicability for climatologists in geography.