北方农牧交错带退耕还林还草经济政策优化调控

退耕还林还草作为北方农牧交错带生态重建的切入点,在实际操作中也不可避免地存在一定的问题。文章对当前退耕还林还草的社会经济特征、政策安排、协调机制及制约因素进行了分析。提出:区域粮食适度自给定位、部门协调机制创新、产权制度改革、区域产业专业化分工、适度生态移民及建立生态补偿机制为进行政策优化调控的主要途径。     

向下延拓航空重力数据的Tikhonov双参数正则化法

为了避免正则化参数对向下延拓过程可靠成分的修正影响,提出了Tikhonov双参数正则化法。引进截断参数,将法矩阵的奇异值分为相对较大的奇异值（可靠部分）和相对较小的奇异值（不可靠部分）;引进正则化参数,只对法矩阵的小奇异值进行修正,以抑制高频误差对向下延拓解的影响。采用改进的广义交互确认法（GCV）确定截断参数和正则化参数。基于EGM2008重力场模型仿真了一组航空重力数据,验证了该方法对航空重力数据向下延拓过程的有效性。     

A shale gas revolution for China?

The question of whether China is on the verge of a ‘shale gas revolution’ is examined. This has potentially significant consequences for energy policy and climate change mitigation. Contrary to the optimistic reading of some commentators, it argues that various technological, environmental, political, regulatory and institutional factors will constrain the growth of China's shale gas market and that such a revolution might in any event have consequences that are at best mixed, at worst antithetical to climate change mitigation.Policy relevanceChina's reserves of unconventional gas have the potential to transform energy policy, as has occurred in the US, resulting in the substitution of shale gas for coal in the energy mix. Because gas emits only approximately half the GHG per unit as coal, such a move would have important implications for climate policy. However, substantial obstacles stand in the way of the ‘energy revolution’ that some policy analysts see China as embarking upon. The need to acknowledge these obstacles, particularly those relating to regulation and governance (and whether or to what extent they can be overcome), is an issue of profound importance to the future of climate and energy policy.     

Assessment of global meteorological,hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6

在全球变暖背景下,分析和预测干旱的变化趋势和传播规律对于区域生态环境安全和灾害管理具有重要意义.本文基于第六次国际耦合模式比较计划(CMIP6),分析了SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5两种变暖情景下的气象(标准化降水指数SPI和标准化降水蒸发指数SPED,水文(标准化径流指数SRI)和农业(标准化土壤水分指数SSI)...     

深度学习支持下的宅基地复垦项目真实性智能审查技术研究与应用

全域综合整治背景下的宅基地复垦项目审查是保证复垦项目合法性合规性的有效手段,针对当前宅基地复垦项目审查效率低的问题,本文提出了基于遥感影像的农村宅基地复垦项目立项真实性审查方法。首先以重庆市农村宅基地复垦项目为例,建立宅基地复垦项目立项真实性审查模型,利用改进的U-Net模型准确提取建筑物,然后与复垦红线叠加实现复垦项目真实性的智能审查。试验结果表明,该方法能够快速准确地审查复垦项目真实性,对优化土地结构、促进土地流转、实现乡村振兴具有重要意义,可为全域综合整治背景下宅基地复垦项目真实性审查提供技术参考。     

蓝藻水华暴发过程中的浮力调节机制

随着工业和经济的发展,水体富营养化以及由此导致的蓝藻水华现象频发,严重影响水生态安全及健康。蓝藻水华形成过程包括休眠、复苏、生物量增加以及上浮聚集形成肉眼可见的水华4个阶段。蓝藻自身的生长机制是引发水华的重要原因,其中浮力调节机制是其重要的生存策略之一,在春季复苏、夏季大量增长及最终上浮至水体表面形成水华阶段均具有重要作用。了解蓝藻浮力调节机制及其在水华过程中的作用对于了解蓝藻生长特性及水华形成机理具有重要意义。气囊及细胞镇重物是常见的浮力调节机制。除此以外,新的研究发现光照条件下单细胞蓝藻产生的大量氧气泡可促使蓝藻上浮至水面形成水华。同时,野外蓝藻常以群体状态存在,群体内部形成的细胞间隙及光照条件下产生的大量氧气是促使蓝藻上浮至水体表面的另一重要原因。野外蓝藻群体在其内部形成微环境,其理化性质可随外界环境的改变发生快速变化,群体内外微环境相互作用,共同影响群体内部细胞间隙中溶氧浓度及浮力。了解蓝藻浮力调节机制及群体内部微环境理化性质对深入了解蓝藻的生长特性及从微观层面分析水华形成机理具有重要意义。本文综述了水华暴发过程中蓝藻的主要浮力调节机制,以期为从微观层面探明蓝藻水华暴发机理提供...     

用地质学的观点探讨洞庭湖的治理

洞庭湖是一断陷盆地，至今仍在继续下沉，因围湖筑垸使水面减小，泥砂堆积速度大于湖区下沉速度使湖面进一步缩小，致使洪水季节常泛滥成灾。按地质规律科学治理方案，一是退垸还湖，二是垸湖置换，才能从根本上消除洞庭湖的水灾。     

Flood hazard delineation combining geomorphological and hydrological methods: an example in the Northern Iberian Peninsula

Flood mapping requires the combination and integration of geomorphological and hydrological-hydraulic methods; however, despite this, there is very little scientific literature that compares and validates both methods. Two types of analysis are addressed in the present article. On the one hand, maps of flood plains have been elaborated using geomorphological evidence and historical flood data in the mountainous area of northwestern Spain, covering an area of more then 232 km² of floodplains. On the other hand, a hydrometeorological model has been developed (Clark semidistributed unit hydrograph) in the Sarria River basin (155 km², NW Spain). This basin is not gauged, hence the model was subjected to a goodness-of-fit test of its parameter (curve number) by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The peak flows obtained by means of the hydrological model were used for hydraulic modeling (one-phase, one-dimensional and steady flow) in a 4 km² urban stretch of the river bed. The delineation of surface areas affected by floods since 1918, as well as those analyzed subsequent to the geomorphological study, reveals a high degree of reliability in the delineation of the flooded areas with frequent recurrence intervals (<50 years). If we compare these flooded surface areas with the estimate obtained by the hydrological-hydraulic method we can see that the latter method overestimates the extent of the surface water by 144% for very frequent recurrence intervals (>10 years) and underestimates it as the recurrence interval increases, by up to 80% less floodplain for exceptional events (>500 years). Finally, a management map is put forth combining the most reliable results available by integrating both methods. Originally presented at the Sixth International Conference on Geomorphology.     

金矿床轴向地球化学参数叠加结构的理想模式及其应用准则

在研究和总结金矿床轴向地球化学参数变化规律的特性和共性的基础上,用金矿具有多期多阶段叠加矿成晕观点,建立了不同叠加结构地化参数轴向变化的理想模式,确定了其用于盲矿预测的准则。