云南羊拉铜矿三维地质建模及储量计算

以云南羊拉铜矿的断层、地层、岩体、矿体为研究对象,在分析研究建模技术方案的基础上,依据收集到的钻孔柱状图、勘探线剖面图、中段地质图和地形地质图,结合野外踏勘与认识,利用Micromine软件建立了研究区的地形、地层、断层以及矿体的三维实体模型,直观展示了区内地表、断层、地层、岩体以及矿体的空间展布以及相互的空间位置关系。运用克里格法对里农矿段的铜矿体进行品位估值,获得了矿体的储量。     

Enhancement of aquifer vulnerability indexing using the analytic-element method

Indexing methods are used for the evaluation of aquifer vulnerability and establishing guidelines for the protection of ground-water resources. The principle of the indexing method is to rank influences on groundwater to determine overall vulnerability of an aquifer to contamination. The analytic element method (AEM) of ground-water flow modeling is used to enhance indexing methods by rapidly calculating a potentiometric surface based primarily on surface-water features. This potentiometric map is combined with a digital-elevation model to produce a map of water-table depth. This is an improvement over simple water-table interpolation methods. It is physically based, properly representing surface-water features, hydraulic boundaries, and changes in hydraulic conductivity. The AEM software, SPLIT, is used to improve an aquifer vulnerability assessment for a valley-fill aquifer in western New York State. A GIS-based graphical user interface allows automated conversion of hydrography vector data into analytic elements.     

Evaluation of distributed recharge in an upland semi-arid karst system: the West Bank Mountain Aquifer,Middle East

Assessment of recharge in a structurally complex upland karst limestone aquifer situated in a semi-arid environment is difficult. Resort to surrogate indicators such as measurement of spring outflow and borehole discharge, is a common alternative, and attempts to apply conventional soil moisture deficit analysis may not adequately account for the intermittent spate conditions that arise in such environments. A modelling approach has been made using the West Bank Mountain Aquifer system in the Middle East as a trial. The model uses object oriented software which allows various objects to be switched on and off. Each of the main recharge processes identified in the West Bank is incorporated. The model allows either conventional soil moisture deficit analysis calculations or wetting threshold calculations to be made as appropriate, and accommodates both direct recharge and secondary recharge. Daily time steps enable recharge and runoff routing to be calculated for each node. Model runs have enabled a series of simulations for each of the three aquifer basins in the West Bank and for the whole of the West Bank. These provide recharge estimates comparable to those prepared by earlier workers by conventional means. The model is adaptable and has been successfully used in other environments.     

两花岗岩体接触带铀系核素迁移的初步模拟

随着世界各国大力发展核电，放射性废料的安全处置已成为当今研究热点和前沿学科。高放废物深地质处置的安全性主要取决于处置库内放射性核素向生物圈的迁移程度。在侵入岩中，放射性核素主要是通过地下水沿岩石孔隙从处置库向生物圈迁移的。为了理解放射性核素在花岗岩体接触带的迁移行为，本文根据两花岗岩体接触带中样品的铀系核素放射性活度比值（^234U/^238U,^230Th/^234U,^226Ra/^230Th,^230Th/^238U)，利用 α-反冲（弹射）作用引起的放射性不平衡理论，计算了铀系核素子体^234U,^230Th,^226Ra在后期地下水的作用下在花岗岩体接触带及其裂隙内的迁出率、迁入率、并进行了质量平衡的计算。结果表明，经α-反冲作用进入流体的核素的迁出率要远大于因核素自然衰变的消亡率；裂隙充填物及裂隙能阻滞大量核素的迁移，其沉淀核素来自接触带花岗岩；花岗岩能强烈阻滞核素的迁移，可作为阻止放射性核素从核废料地下处置库向外迁移的有利天然屏障。     

基于建设工程三维可视化规划报建技术应用研究

三维可视化是建设工程规划报建的最新发展方向,本文重点研究和总结一套基于建设工程规划报建的三维模型构建技术,并介绍了其基础数据的获取方法、三维可视化规划管理分析及网络发布的技术。     

辽宁查马屯铁矿三维地质建模及深部预测

查马屯铁矿是一处隐伏于中生代火山沉积岩之下的沉积变质型铁矿床,矿体规模大、埋藏浅,深部资源潜力巨大.利用三维地质体建模软件Creatar,通过收集钻孔数据,建立地质数据库,生成三维钻孔.通过剖面定义、单工程矿体圈定、剖面编辑、曲面连接,建立矿体三维模型.依据"点-线-面-体"的思路,建立了辽宁查马屯铁矿三维地质模型.模型显示,查马屯铁矿体西南段向北西倾斜,北东部向南东倾斜,呈北东东向展布,应沿该方向部署找矿.矿体与磁异常复合关系表明,2号矿体南部存在巨大找矿空间,查马屯村南部及北东部是下一步找矿勘探的重点方向.     

岩爆破坏过程能量释放的数值模拟

岩爆是地下岩石开挖中的一种工程灾害现象,是岩体结构发生破坏时,由于内部储存的弹性能释放并转换为动能而造成动力形式的破坏。岩爆破坏过程中的能量释放与岩体在应力峰值前后的应力-应变特性紧密相关。另外,施工中开挖速度引起的加载速率的变化也会对岩爆的产生有明显影响。以岩体全过程应力-应变曲线试验为基础分析岩爆破坏过程。分析中采用的模型考虑了岩石峰值后应力-应变特性及加载速率的影响。运用数值方法对岩石洞室的开挖过程进行了模拟,在模拟中对岩体破坏的发生及弹性能释放过程进行了分析。数值分析结果显示,岩体洞室开挖过程中岩石破坏由岩体表面向岩体内部发展,岩石的弹性能释放率也随着破坏的发展而不断增加。分析结果还显示,岩体破坏时的弹性能释放速率会随着开挖速率的提高而明显增加。     

地形对大地电磁测深(MTS)资料的影响

地形影响是山区ＭＴＳ工作的主要问题之一，对此做了理论分析并用均匀半空间表面二维地形模型进行了数值模拟。结果表明，地形影响不仅与ＭＴＳ资料的种类、极化模式、场源电磁波周期及测点位置有关，而且还依赖于不同的地形形态和尺度。此外，还根据悬崖模型计算，给出了关于地形影响范围的估     

Exurbia from the bottom-up: Confronting empirical challenges to characterizing a complex system

We describe empirical results from a multi-disciplinary project that support modeling complex processes of land-use and land-cover change in exurban parts of Southeastern Michigan. Based on two different conceptual models, one describing the evolution of urban form as a consequence of residential preferences and the other describing land-cover changes in an exurban township as a consequence of residential preferences, local policies, and a diversity of development types, we describe a variety of empirical data collected to support the mechanisms that we encoded in computational agent-based models. We used multiple methods, including social surveys, remote sensing, and statistical analysis of spatial data, to collect data that could be used to validate the structure of our models, calibrate their specific parameters, and evaluate their output. The data were used to investigate this system in the context of several themes from complexity science, including have (a) macro-level patterns; (b) autonomous decision making entities (i.e., agents); (c) heterogeneity among those entities; (d) social and spatial interactions that operate across multiple scales and (e) nonlinear feedback mechanisms. The results point to the importance of collecting data on agents and their interactions when producing agent-based models, the general validity of our conceptual models, and some changes that we needed to make to these models following data analysis. The calibrated models have been and are being used to evaluate landscape dynamics and the effects of various policy interventions on urban land-cover patterns.     

电导率各向异性的海洋电磁三维有限单元法正演

本文提出了一种基于非结构化网格的海洋电磁有限单元正演算法.为了回避场源奇异性, 文中选用二次场算法, 将背景电阻率设置为水平层状且各向异性, 场源在水平层状各向异性介质中所激发的一次场通过汉克尔积分得到.基于Coulomb规范得到二次矢量位和标量位所满足的Maxwell方程组, 通过Galerkin加权余量法形成大型稀疏有限元方程, 采用不完全LU分解(ILU)预条件因子的quasi-minimum residual(QMR)迭代解法对有限元方程进行求解得到二次矢量位和标量位; 进而, 利用滑动平均方法得到二次矢量位和标量位在空间的导数, 由此得到二次电磁场; 通过一维模型对算法的可靠性进行验证, 与此同时, 针对实际复杂海洋电磁模型, 比较有限元模拟结果与积分方程模拟结果, 进一步验证算法精度.若干计算结果均表明, 文中算法具有良好的通用性, 适用于井中电磁、航空电磁, 环境地球物理等非均匀且各向异性介质中的电磁感应基础研究.