地热资源勘探方法技术的应用与展望

地热资源作为一种新型的能源．已得到了广泛的开发和利用。作者通过对地球物理、地球化学、同位素地质诸方法在地热勘探中的应用简述,阐明了各方法在其适用条件下的优越性．梳理了地热资源勘探的思路,为在以后地热资源开发中优选目标和技术方法选择上起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

煤炭资源勘探技术框架重构

在我国第一能源-煤炭资源持续紧缺的形势下,50%的深部资源开发正面临许多新的地质勘探问题.矿井物探技术进步有力的推动着资源开发勘探方法的改变,在井下巷道中对下纽资源的纵深向勘探和水平向勘探技术的成熟,促使技术框架重构.在一井一面高强度开采的煤矿生产组织新模式下,采空区下深部资源勘探、安全地质条件评价和治理、基于"3S"的递推地质管理技术等是老矿区深部资源勘探急需的支撑技术,矿井与地面结合必然是煤炭资源勘探技术发展的方向.     

便携式钻机在水泥灰岩矿勘查中的应用

便携式钻机已广泛应用于地质与工程勘查中,为了进一步扩大便携式钻机的应用范围,倡导绿色勘查,在湖南省东安县王师岭矿区水泥灰岩矿勘查中,采用ZY-25型便携式钻机以钻代槽进行地表取样,取得了较好的效果。应用实践表明,当矿区构造简单,岩层产状较平缓且稳定,矿体厚度较大,矿石有用组分含量较高且分布均匀,有害组分含量较低时,采用便携式钻机取样代替槽探取样评价矿床是可行的。     

河南方城大庄铌-稀土矿床碱性正长岩成矿机理研究

【研究目的】河南方城大庄是新探明的中型铌-稀土矿床（Nb₂O₃资源量16245 t;伴生TRE₂O₃资源量30147 t）,矿体主要赋存在碱性正长岩内。【研究方法】本文在野外地质调查基础上,对含矿碱性正长岩与无矿碱性正长岩开展了岩石学、岩相学和地球化学的对比研究。【研究结果】研究结果表明,含矿与无矿碱性正长岩均富碱、富铝,为典型的A型花岗岩,两类岩石的碱金属含量无明显差别,但（Na₂O+K₂O）/CaO、FeO^*/MgO、K₂O/MgO等参数明显不同。含矿碱性正长岩高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ce、U、Th、Zr、Y明显富集,Ba、Sr、P、Eu明显亏损;无矿碱性正长岩大离子亲石元素Rb、高场强元素Nb、Ta、Y和Th元素明显富集,而Ba、U、Sr、P、Ti和重稀土元素明显亏损,但亏损程度低于含矿碱性正长岩。【结论】方城大庄含矿碱性正长岩不是无矿碱性正长岩热液蚀变（钠长石化）的结果,二者应是同一岩浆体系不同演化阶段溶体固结的产物,含矿碱性正长岩的分异演化程度明显高于无矿化的碱性正长岩。方城大庄稀有稀土元素的富集与岩浆高演化、分异过程密切相关。这一研究可为区域找矿勘查提供一定的地质依据。创新点：岩石学和地球化学对比研究显示大庄Nb-REE矿中含矿碱性正长岩具有比无矿岩体更高的演化程度,表明成矿元素的富集与岩浆高分异演化密切相关,为找矿勘查提供了一定的岩石学证据。     

南京汤山葫芦洞地质雷达勘探洞穴堆积研究

通过对南京汤山葫芦洞内部东侧地质雷达勘探资料的分析,根据经验值计算,东部洞穴基岩埋深在10m左右,可能为水平状的红色岩系。特殊的地质基础导致葫芦洞成为汤山地区已知规模最大的洞穴。其上的洞穴埋藏堆积可以分为上、中、下三个角砾层,可能反映了该洞穴曾经历过三次较大的崩塌堆积过程。上角砾层可能含有动物化石,是今后古人类考古值得关注的堆积层。     

Applied geophysics for cover thickness mapping in the southern Thomson Orogen

Abstract

Potentially mineralised Paleozoic basement rocks in the southern Thomson Orogen region of southern Queensland and northern New South Wales are covered by varying thicknesses of Mesozoic to Cenozoic sediments. To assess cover thickness and methods for estimating depth to basement, we collected new airborne electromagnetic (AEM), seismic refraction, seismic reflection and audio-frequency magnetotelluric data and combined these with new depth to magnetic basement models from airborne magnetic line data and ground gravity data along selected transects. The results of these investigations over two borehole sites, GSQ Eulo 1 and GSQ Eulo 2, show that cover thickness can be reliably assessed to within the confidence limits of the various techniques, but that caveats exist regarding the application of each of the disciplines. These techniques are part of a rapid-deployment explorers’ toolbox of geophysical techniques that have been tested at two sites in Australia, the Stavely region of western Victoria, and now the southern Thomson Orogen in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland. The results shown here demonstrate that AEM and ground geophysics, and to a lesser extent depth to magnetic source modelling, can produce reliable results when applied to the common exploration problem of determining cover thickness. The results demonstrate that portable seismic systems, designed for geotechnical site investigations, are capable of imaging basement below 300 m of unlithified Eromanga Basin cover as refraction and reflection data. The results of all methods provide much information about the nature of the basement–cover interface and basement at borehole sites in the southern Thomson Orogen, in that the basement is usually weathered, the interface has paleotopography, and it can be recognised by its density, natural gamma, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity contrasts.     

Detection of petroleum contamination in river sediments from Quebec City region using GC–IRMS

Isotopic analysis by compound specific gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC–IRMS) is used to detect and characterize petroleum pollution in surficial sediments along the St Lawrence River, near Quebec City. Unusually mature n-alkane distributions have been found in some recent intertidal sediments in the region. GC–IRMS results suggest that the n-alkanes are not derived from indigenous organic sources because they carry δ¹³C values between −30.0 and −27.0‰, as well as very small isotopic differences between odd and even numbered n-alkanes, which are both typically associated with petroleum products. Comparison of these sediments with bunker fuel, an oil used in the shipping industry, has shown a close isotopic correlation in some sites, which is further supported by biomarkers. Overall, the contamination has been dispersed along the river but is generally localized around the industrial region where hydrocarbon transfer from shore storage to ships takes place. This study illustrates how GC–IRMS can be used effectively in the detection and characterization of petroleum pollutants in sediments.     

中国东北浅覆盖区地质填图物化探信息协同辅助技术

针对中国东北浅覆盖区地质露头少、填图效率不高、精确度和准确度较低的问题,开发了物化探信息协同辅助技术并应用于地质体类型的识别。在以覆盖层较薄、面积广大、物理风化为主、土壤位移较小为特点的东北森林沼泽浅覆盖区,利用土壤化学成分和航磁信息识别下伏地质体是可行的。基于这一前提,可将指定研究区划分为一定数量的统计单元,在各单元内,通过数学统计方法产生众数、宽度、变化频率、偏度、峰度等航磁特征参数并将其标准化,将化探指标酸度、碱度、钙含量、铝含量、钙镁含量、硅铝含量、镁铁含量、微量元素含量等特征参数标准化;然后采用逐级分类的方法,每级选择有效的物化探特征参数,在当前级别上实现单元划分并将数据分为不同数据集,在下一级别划分时重新有针对地选择参数,分别对各数据集进一步分类,直到分类结果对应较明确的地质填图单元,并最终编制出解译图。以黑龙江省大兴安岭地区某典型森林沼泽浅覆盖区为例进行了方法验证,将结果与已知地质信息比对分析,认为地质体单元识别结果与已知信息基本吻合,使得地质体类型识别更精确,边界更清晰,可为区域地质研究提供新线索。     

磁力勘探与岩性测深理论基础的对比

首先概括了岩性测深技术的理论基础和物性基础要点,强调电偶极子场是岩性测深技术的基本理论。然后通过电偶极子场与磁偶极子场的类比,以及岩性测深与磁力勘探的对比,提出了一条研究岩性测深技术理论基础及正演计算的思路。     

IP找水与DDJ-1型仪器野外数据采集

用DDJ-1型多功能激电仪对IP法二次场的长延续时段采集,可提高观测数据质量和判断数据采集的可靠性,因而观测到了反映第二层为相对高极化率的三层"K"型极化率曲线.