基于核最小二乘模型的矿产靶区预测

地质统计单元的含矿性与地质找矿证据之间存在复杂的非线性关系,建立这种复杂关系的多元非线性统计模型并预测矿产靶区,对矿产勘查具有重要指导意义。以核函数为理论工具,在核最小二乘原理基础上提出了矿产靶区预测的核最小二乘模型;在GDAL数字图像输入输出函数库和CLAPACK线性代数软件包基础上,用VC++语言开发了面向栅格数据的矿产靶区预测核最小二乘模型算法程序,并把模型应用于新疆阿勒泰地区的矿产靶区预测研究。在MapInfo中生成包含100×151个网格统计单元的栅格图层,把栅格化后的15种找矿证据图层转化成100×151×15的数字图像数据立方体,用自行开发的程序计算每个网格统计单元的核最小二乘判别得分。结果表明,网格统计单元判别得分的高值区与已知矿床（点）的空间分布基本一致。     

岩浆岩侵入煤层的地震属性识别技术

岩浆岩体严重影响井田的煤质、储量等,对采区工作面布置、巷道掘进及回采工作造成严重的影响,因而探测岩浆岩侵入煤层的范围对煤矿安全高效生产具有重大意义。在总结岩浆岩侵入体的地质特征基础上,建立岩浆侵入煤层地震地质模型,通过正演,对多种属性进行交互分析,发现主频能量属性与振幅类属性对岩浆岩反应较为敏感,并且随着岩浆岩厚度的逐渐增加能量类与振幅类属性逐渐降低。通过对QN煤矿103工作面高密度三维地震资料连井剖面10煤进行属性分析,发现频带宽度、中心频率、主振幅属性可以较好地识别岩浆侵入区。通过对勘探区10煤层进行频带宽度、中心频率和主振幅属性分析识别岩浆侵入区,其识别结果与钻孔实际揭露吻合较好,证明采用地震属性识别技术可以识别煤层岩浆岩侵入区范围。     

频率测深波区视电阻率响应和正演计算

本文对频率测深电偶源发射时的波区视电阻率响应进行了较系统的讨论,指出了国内现有理论中的一些错误。研究发现,在进行波区视电阻率响应的理论推导时,当基底电阻率有限时进行零级近似是正确的,但当基底电阻率为无限大时,进行零级近似是不完善的,必须进行修改。利用正确的公式进行了视电阻率响应的正演计算,结果表明,利用零级近似得出的公式与利用一级近似得出的公式计算的视电阻率响应曲线首支部分符合较好,但对于有高阻基底存在的地电断面,响应曲线尾支差异很大。     

TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC AND SOCIAL CASE FOR HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION

I will argue that an ambitious programme of human space exploration, involving a return to the Moon, and eventually human missions to Mars, will add greatly to human knowledge. Gathering such knowledge is the primary aim of science, but science’s compartmentalisation into isolated academic disciplines tends to obscure the overall strength of the scientific case. Any consideration of the scientific arguments for human space exploration must therefore take a holistic view, and integrate the potential benefits over the entire spectrum of human knowledge. Moreover, science is only one thread in a much larger overall case for human space exploration. Other threads include economic, industrial, educational, geopolitical and cultural benefits. Any responsibly formulated public space policy must weigh all of these factors before deciding whether or not an investment in human space activities is scientifically and socially desirable.     

The science behind the vision for U.S. space exploration: the value of a human–robotic partnership

The Vision for U.S. Space Exploration offers new opportunities for aggressively increasing the pace of scientific discoveries across the Solar System by empowering an on-site partnership between humans and robotics, enhanced by new technology-enabled capabilities. In particular, the early emphasis of this new Vision will be on development of new scientific activities on the Moon, and later on Mars. Integration of in situ traditional science activities with creative new types of applied scientific research on the Moon and Mars is a key ingredient in the US Vision. The Apollo era record of achievement involving human exploration is particularly informative, as it demonstrates the accelerated pace of scientific discovery and understanding that resulted from human “on site” activities, however briefly, on planetary surfaces. An example of how integrated human and robotic exploration can enable breakthrough science on the planet Mars is provided in order to illustrate these points. The scientific opportunities associated with the Vision for US Space Exploration are many, and with the incorporation of human-based capabilities on the Moon and Mars, an accelerated pace of discovery and understanding will be possible.     

多层界面快速反演在高精度石油重力勘探中的应用

重力勘探作为一种快速普查方法，在深部地质构造研究、区域地质构造划分及找矿勘探中均已取得显著的地质效果。自８０年代后期，由于在重力测地工作中使用红外测距仪及高精度ＧＰＳ定位技术，确保了重力测点位置及高程有较高的精度；在重力观测中普遍采用目前世界上精度最高的Ｌａｃｏｓｔｅ型重力仪进行基点联测，采用对恒温系统改进后的Ｗｏｒｄｅｎ重力仪进行重力测点观测，使得重力测量的质量及精度都有了很大提高，为扩大重力法的应用提供了条件。本文给出的一例是；在我国某含油沉积盆地上，根据对实测１：２５０００高精度重力资料（布格重力异常总观测均方误差：６０×１０￣－８ｍ／ｓ￣２）的处理及约束信息下多层界面反演结果，确定有利油气聚集的圈闭范围，推断含油层的大致规模。     

Structural Control of Sand Bodies and Deep Exploration for Oil and Gas

The structural styles can be used to analyses and predict developments and distributions of sand bodies in a rift basin. The dynamic process of faulting and sedimentation can be expressed as follow: the basin topography controlled by fault activity can control water dynamics; which in turn affect the transport and sedimentation of sediments. The corresponding analysis between structural styles and sand depositional types includes the following aspects: (1) in section, the corresponding between development of fault terraces and sand depositional types; (2) in plane, the relationship between faults' association and distributions of sand bodies. There are four types of terrace styles to be identified. They are Steep Slope Single Fault Terrace (SSSFT), Steep Slope Multiple Fault Terrace (SSMFT), Gentle Slope (GS) and Gentle Slope Multiple Fault Terrace (GSMFT), which also can be divided into six subtypes by the timing of the faults activities and the directions of their activity migrations (basinward and landward or marginward). They correspond to the following sand depositions such as alluvial fan, fan delta and turbidite fan etc.. The analysis of structure-sedimentation is a discussion on the rank Ⅲ sequence evolution under the condition of pulsing or episodic fault activities. It has been recognized four plane fault associations such as the comb, the broom, the fork and the fault-fold association as well as the corresponding sand distributions. Structural-sedimentary models above mentioned are significant for the deep oil and gas exploration when lacking of the drill data. It may reduce multiple resolutions in the interpretation of seismic-sedimentary facies and promote sand predictions through the constraints of the structural styles of the basin units. The structural-sedimentary pattern can be used as a geological model in oil and gas exploration in the rift basins.     

工程物探在岩溶地区地质勘察中的应用——以费县电厂为例

结合费县电厂工程地质条件,运用高密度电阻率法和探地雷达勘察法,进行岩溶地区工程勘察,对2种方法的勘察结果进行比较分析,在此基础上进一步钻探验证。证实工程物探能迅速查明岩溶区的工程地质条件,勘察过程高效快速,达到地质勘察效果。最后针对岩溶区的拟建场地进行地基评价并提出地基处理方案。     

鲁北临盘地热资源特征及开发利用

鲁北临盘地热资源丰富 ,热储层为新近纪黄骅群馆陶组 ,热储盖层为新近纪黄骅群明化镇组和第四纪平原组 ,热源主要来自地壳深部正常热流传导。目前已钻凿 2口地热井 ,开发利用效益显著。地热开发要避开油气层 ,石油开发要防止污染地热储水层。     

荣成海流能电站海上钻探技术研究

根据洛庄汉墓封土堆土壤汞含量异常值特征,推测主墓室的位置有3处,2处分布在洛庄汉墓封土堆南北中心线偏东部位,另一处分布在封土堆南北向中心线的西部。高精度磁测推测封土堆西部呈东西方向展布的M1(D1)异常为古墓通道,往东呈南北向展布的M2(D2),M3(D3),M4,M5异常为主墓室。土壤汞含量测量与高精度磁测2种方法推测的主墓室位置及范围基本吻合。该次调查为下一步洛庄汉墓主墓室的发掘提供了翔实的地质依据。