泄洪对典型有机污染物迁移转化行为的影响——以丹江口水库为例

随着高坝水库的建设,大坝泄洪雾化对生态环境的影响已得到较多研究,而泄洪雾化对污染物迁移转化行为的影响尚未引起关注.本研究于2019年对丹江口大坝泄洪期间坝前和坝下多个断面进行了采样调查,分析了水体中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)和6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的浓度.发现泄洪后坝下水体中检测出的8种PAHs和5种PAEs浓度...     

叠前反演和地震吸收技术在复杂天然气藏地震预测中的应用

针对某复杂断块天然气目标储层,在岩石物理分析的指导下,综合利用地质、地震、测井等资料,提出了一套面向复杂天然气藏的叠前地震预测技术.首先基于地震岩石物理分析得到的初始横波信息,采用叠前贝叶斯非线性三参数反演得到了井旁控制点处精确纵横波速度和密度信息,然后通过叠前/叠后联合反演技术实现了面向目标的弹性阻抗体反演及含气储层敏感参数直接提取,最后结合小波变换时频谱分析的方法从叠前地震资料中估算地层吸收参数值,提高天然气藏识别精度.实际应用表明,综合各种叠前地震预测技术,可以大大提高对复杂天然气藏的识别精度,降低勘探风险.     

Enrichment and mobility of cadmium and other heavy metals in the area of the Three-Gorges Reservoir

This study focused on the geochemical distribution patterns and ecological effects of Cd and other heavy metals such as As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in rock, soil, water, sediment and crops in the area of the Three-Gorges Reservoir within Chongqing, and aimed at the protection of ecological environment and rational application of the local lands. This study found that the metals of Cd, Hg and Pb presented pollution in the surface environment along the Yangtze River, that is Cd〉Hg〉Pb （Cu）〉Zn〉As〉Ni〉Cr. The pollution of Cd in sediment was mainly attributable to the regional black shales, and partly to the urban sewage and garbage. The geochemical modes of metals in the sediment varied. Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb mainly existed as residues, and Cd as carbonate. Cd exited as a high proportion in the modes of ion-exchange, carbonate, and iron-manganese oxidation, up to 63 percent. The contents of heavy metals in soiland sediment were correlated to the host clay minerals, such as illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite and chlorite. It is shown that Cd was transported with clay minerals in the Yangtze River over long distance and formed the regional anomaly. In the abnormal area of Jianping in Wushan County, higher Cd contents are reported in the local crops and local villagers＇ hairs than from the background areas.     

Multifractal features of the particle-size distribution of suspended sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China

The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR)in China is the largest hydroelectric project in the world,but the threat of sediment affecting ecological sustainability of the reservoir is a topic of concern.Sediment particlesize distribution(PSD)is informative in understanding sediment transport dynamics and biochemical functions.It is,therefore,important to quantitatively characterize the distribution of sediment particles.In the current study,fractal theory is applied to determine the PSD of suspended sediment in the TGR.The results show that the volumetric fractal dimension(D_v)exhibits a significant seasonal difference(p<0.05),reflecting sediment source and hydrodynamic sorting control the granularity of suspended sediment in the TGR.More specifically,suspended sediment particles are coarser in the wet season than in the dry season for the Yangtze River,and the opposite is true for the Ruxi River,an important tributary.The generalized dimension spectrum,D(q)-q,and multifractal singularity spectrum,f[α(q)]-α(q),were calculated for each suspended sediment sample.Thereafter,the parameters,D(0),D(1),D(2),α(0),Δα(q),andΔf[α(q)],were determined to characterize the PSD.As a result,the coarser suspended sediment during the wet season is characterised by a more complex PSD pattern,with a wider range of particle sizes,greater heterogeneity,and greater homogeneity of distribution over the measurement interval.However,the multifractal structure of the PSD of suspended sediment is more complex during the dry season than during the wet season,with higher local dispersion and variability.The findings of the current study highlight that multifractal analysis provides important insight for understanding the PSD of suspended sediment in the TGR.     

三峡库区重庆市万州区塌岸现状调查

水库塌岸是影响三峡水库工程成败的重大地质问题。通过对三峡库区重庆市万州区当前蓄水位下的塌岸现状进行地质调查,查清塌岸段工程地质条件,总结概括了各塌岸类型和特点,同时调查统计了相关的塌岸预测参数。这些工作不但对万州区塌岸预测防治工作提供了地质基础,还可为库区其他地区的塌岸调查防治工作提供良好借鉴。     

密云水库沉积物中磷的形态和分布特征

采用连续提取化学分析技术，对密云水库的柱状沉积物和表层沉积物样品进行了磷形态的提取分析，研究了各种形态磷在表层及垂立方向上的分布特征。分析结果表明，密云水库沉积物中以无机磷为主，有机磷次之，无机磷占总磷的76．88％。95．09％。沉积物中总磷及其不同形态无机磷在垂直方向上的分布变化规律为：总磷、可溶态磷含量随深度增加而降低，Ca—P合量随深度增加而增加，Al—P和闭蓄态磷变化幅度不大，Fe—P、有机磷的垂直方向变化情况较复杂。潮、白河流域总磷与各形态磷在表层及垂直方向上的分布差异在一定程度上反映出近年来水库所受上游流域工业活动和人为污染的影响情况。     

二滩库区泥石流发育发展趋势初探

二滩水电站蓄水发电运行以来，库区环境已发生了很大的变化，影响泥石流发育发展的因素相应也有所改变，通过对二滩库区泥石流现状的调查研究，认为库区泥石流有减弱的趋势，处于与改变中的库区环境再协调适应的阶段。     

北京密云水库小流域非点源污染负荷估算

根据不同类型的非点源污染发生区,选择若干径流小区,进行降雨、径流量、径流水质同步监测,分析不同土地利用类型小区地表径流和泥沙中氮、磷的流失情况。根据地貌特征和土地利用情况,利用通用土壤流失方程和SCS法分别计算不同土地利用类型区土壤侵蚀量和径流量,分析氮、磷的流失特点。结果表明:坡耕地和荒草坡单位面积土壤流失量比较严重;村庄中溶解态氮的流失量最多;村庄和坡耕地是氮、磷流失的重点区域。     

塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气藏特征及其分类

塔里木盆地下古生界寒武系-奥陶系碳酸盐岩油气藏复杂多样,依据圈闭类型可划分为构造类、地层岩性类、复合类等三大类油气藏.其中地层岩性油气藏还可分为风化壳型、礁滩型、白云岩型三个亚类.根据圈闭与储层特征,三大类油气藏可进一步细分为12个类型.构造类油气藏受局部构造圈闭控制,储层发育,横向连通性好,油气分布比较均一,油气水界...     

黔北安页1井石牛栏组储层特征及压裂改造效果评价

黔北安页1井首次在我国南方志留系石牛栏组取得发现和突破,石牛栏组地层为一套深水混积陆棚沉积地层,岩性以浅灰色灰岩夹钙质泥岩不等厚薄互层为主,储层厚度大,泥质含量高,层理缝较发育。本文在详细解剖其储层特征基础上提出针对该类储层的压裂改造思路,创新性应用了大规模体积压裂改造工艺,通过压后效果评价,总结石牛栏组储层压裂改造技术经验,对后期该层系的勘探开发具有重要指导意义。