2003年2月24日新疆巴楚-伽师6.8级地震灾区房屋建筑震害现象综述

详细记载了2003年2月24日新疆巴楚—伽师地震灾区各类房屋建筑的震害现象及分布，为地震专家与技术人员提供了可进行工程抗震研究的丰富基础资料并基于震害考察针对房屋建筑存在的普遍问题提出几点认识。     

分布式热电联产系统制约因素探讨

本文讨论商用和民用小型分布式热电联产系统的能源利用效率、公众安全和环境保护问题。指出由于安装、运行场所为城市中心地区或居民住宅区，公众的生命财产安全是考虑技术方案的优先问题，对周围环境影响的考虑应优先于能源利用效率和经济效益；若小型分布式热电联产系统把一次能源转换过程产生的污染物和余热的排放地点转移到城市内的建筑物和住宅区，有关地区的大气环境质量不可避免受到影响；分布式热电联产系统的使用还存在资源制约的问题。因此，应规范在城市中心地区和居民住宅区设置分布式热电联产系统。     

福建农村房屋现状与震害防御

本文简要分析福建省农村房屋工程抗震现状 ,介绍福建省地震局在“九五”和“十五”计划期间 ,开展农村房屋震灾防御工作的情况 ,并对今后农居工程防震减灾工作提出建议。     

Facies architecture and geometry of landward-stepping shoreface tongues: the Upper Cretaceous Cliff House Sandstone (Mancos Canyon, south-west Colorado)

The Campanian Cliff House Formation represents a series of individually progradational shoreface tongues preserved in an overall landward-stepping system. In the Mancos Canyon area, the formation consists of four, 50- to 55-m-thick and 10- to 20-km-wide sandstone tongues, which pinch out landwards into lower coastal plain and lagoonal deposits of the Upper Menefee Formation and seawards into offshore shales of the Lewis Shale Formation. Photogrammetric mapping of lithofacies along the steep and well-exposed canyon walls was combined with sedimentary facies analysis and mapping of the detailed facies architecture. Two major facies associations have been identified, one comprising the mostly muddy and organic-rich facies of lagoonal and lower coastal plain origin and one comprising the sandstone-dominated facies of shoreface origin. Key stratigraphic surfaces were identified by combining the mapped geometry of the lithofacies units with the interpretation of depositional processes. The stratigraphic surfaces (master ravinement surface, shoreface/coastal plain contact, transgressive surface, maximum flooding surface and the sequence boundary) allow each major sandstone tongue to be divided into a simple sequence, consisting of a basal transgressive system tract (TST) overlain by a highstand system tract (HST). Within each sandstone tongue, a higher frequency cyclicity is evident. The high-frequency cycles show a complex stacking pattern development and are commonly truncated in the downdip direction by surfaces of regressive marine erosion. The complexities of the Cliff House sandstone tongues are believed to reflect changes in the rate of sea-level rise combined with the responses of the depositional system to these changes. Synsedimentary compaction, causing a thickness increase in the sandstone tongues above intervals of previously uncompacted lagoonal/coastal plain sediments, also played a role. This study of the facies architecture, geometry and sequence stratigraphy of the Cliff House Formation highlights the fact that there may be some problems in applying conventional sequence stratigraphical methods to landward-stepping systems in general. These difficulties stem from the fact that no single stratigraphic surface can easily be identified and followed from the non-marine to the fully marine realm (i.e. from the landward to the basinward pinch-out of the sandstone tongues). In addition, the effects of synsedimentary compaction and changes in the shoreface dynamics are not easily recognized in limited data sets such as from the subsurface.     

地震现场房屋裂缝宽度快速检测

为快速对地震现场损坏房屋裂缝宽度进行测量,本文提出运用图像处理技术与单个人工正方形标志的方法对裂缝宽度进行测量。基于数字图像处理技术,并利用MATLAB软件的图像处理功能,对拍摄的真实房屋裂缝图像进行灰度化、二值化、图像去噪、目标区域分割标记和像素标定等处理,计算得到图像中裂缝宽度的最大值。通过与实测数据对比,利用本方法获得房屋裂缝检测数据的识别精度为98.11%。结果表明,本文提出的方法可以有效检测房屋裂缝宽度,且获取图像的分辨率越高,裂缝宽度识别的误差越小。本方法可为地震灾害现场调查中的房屋破坏等级评价工作提供依据。     

Liquefaction countermeasures by shallow ground improvement for houses and their cost analysis

A large number of houses suffered from liquefaction-induced damages in recent large earthquakes due to lack of economical countermeasures. In this study, the shallow ground improvement, up to several meters deep, was proposed as an economical liquefaction countermeasure for houses. Based on the case studies, the design criteria of allowable tilt angles and penetration settlements of houses were proposed for the required level of serviceability against moderate and large earthquakes. The results of questionnaire survey, airborne LiDAR survey and centrifuge model tests demonstrated that even a few meters of non-liquefiable layers in shallow ground could greatly reduce settlements and tilting of houses. A series of numerical analyses indicated that non-liquefiable layer of three meters thick below ground water table improved by solidification methods can prevent significant damages of houses. Furthermore, cost analyses were carried out for different ground improvement methods for both new and existing houses.     

JUMPING OF BELL HOUSES CAUSED BY NEAR-FIELD GROUND MOTION. CASE HISTORIES AND SHAKING TABLE EXPERIMENT

Earthquake-induced jumping of Bell Houses evidenced in epicentral areas of two earthquakes is discussed here. The earthquakes are the 1995 Hyogoken-nanbu, Japan earthquake and the 1909 Anegawa, Japan earthquake. Site-investigation was conducted to estimate vibration characteristics of the House and the ground. A series of shaking-table experiments, using models of a Bell House, demonstrated that the jumping followed by remarkable displacement can take place even by horizontal ground motion alone, when the strong motion is abruptly applied in the direction diagonal to the framework of the Bell House. The jumping process in the model experiment seems to be consistent with observations at real Bell Houses. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Polyvocalism and the public: 'doing' a critical historical geography of architecture

Loretta Lees' recent call for a 'critical geography of architecture' argued that a more nuanced and truly interpretative methodology for analysing the relationship between space, place and architecture would involve active engagement with such architectural spaces. This paper argues that, in the same way, by broadening our approach to historical architectural geographies more meaningful interpretations will result. Utilizing a 'polyvocal' methodological approach, by which not only architects and planners but also residents of these spaces are considered as important actors, will facilitate this 'critical' engagement with architectural spaces. Further, by taking this polyvocal approach, interesting conclusions can be reached about the production, consumption and re-production of space, both in the past and also in the present.     

土地房产GIS基础数据质量控制与检查方法

结合土地房产GIS基础数据的特点提出GIS房产数据质量控制与检查的方法。首先提出一般模型，并对该模型中存在的问题进行分析，然后提出一种扩展模型，扩展模型能够较好的处理由于数据排序以及遗漏数据元素而引起的问题。同时对GIS房产数据的排序方法以及图形空间关系的检查也做了讨论，并探讨将扩展模型应用于土地房产GIS基础数据的质量控制与检查工作中，以提高数据检查工作的效率和自动化程度。     

房产图中面积测算精度的探讨

本文就《房产测量规范》所规定的解析法面积测算精度和边长丈量精度公式进行综合分析,认为两者存在精度要求上的不一致,通过对实例进行分析比较,提出一个解析法面积测算中误差的计算公式。