人工湿地净化高盐度养殖废水的效果

研究了人工湿地循环处理哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)高盐度(21.1-23.3)养殖废水的净化效果。人工湿地对高盐度养殖废水中各水质指标去除率为:总氨氮66.7%,亚硝酸盐80.0%,化学需氧量12.5%,浊度69.1%,硝酸盐-12.1%,总氮3.5%,总磷0.0%。养殖池水质状况良好。在试验负载范围内,湿地对总氨氮、亚硝酸盐、浊度的去除量随进水污染负载量的增加而增加。研究表明:人工湿地能持续有效降低哈氏仿对虾养殖废水中的主要水质因子浓度。     

蔗渣浆厂废水对地下水影响的研究

我国造纸业废水中的污染因子危及地下水水质安全,通过对野外实地勘察和地下水取样的过程及结果进行分析研究,各地下水取样点的水质均符合国家饮用水卫生标准.用B·M舍斯塔科夫公式计算浸没过程,洪水时期地下水水位升高,研究区废水不会造成地下水的污染.     

生物流化床处理废水的研究进展

生物流化床技术是普通活性污泥法和生物膜法相结合的废水生化处理技术.通过对近年国内外生物流化床技术的研究和应用现状的分析,文中从生物流化床类型、特性入手,对生物流化床技术的应用前景进行展望.     

中山市河涌水体及污水处理厂中 合成麝香的分布规律

对中山市5个区域的48条主要河涌水体与2间污水处理厂各工艺流程水体进行样品采集,运用固相微萃取进行前处理并结合气相色谱—质谱联用技术,检测各样品中佳乐麝香、吐纳麝香和酮麝香这3种合成麝香的含量,并分析其分布特征以及探讨污水处理厂处理工艺中合成麝香的浓度变化规律。结果表明：1）合成麝香已经普遍存在于中山市的河涌水体中。中山市西部地区和南部地区的河涌水体中合成麝香总含量相对其他区域最低,中部地区河涌水体中合成麝香含量亦较低。2）中山市雁企涌和魁魁涌等28条河涌水体中的主要合成麝香为佳乐麝香,一埒涌和乌沙涌等13条河涌水体的主要合成麝香为酮麝香,仅有苏埒涌和石军涌等7条河涌水体的主要合成麝香为佳乐麝香和酮麝香这2种合成麝香。3）氧化沟和A2/O工艺均能对合成麝香产生一定的去除效果。污水处理厂A对佳乐麝香、吐纳麝香和酮麝香的去除率分别为86.94%、72.15%和89.36%;而污水处理厂B对以上3种合成麝香的去除率分别为82.09%、85.73%和87.90%。4）2间污水处理厂的二沉池以及污水处理厂A的紫外消毒亦可对合成麝香产生进一步的去除效果;2间污水处理厂均能对酮麝香产生比佳乐麝香和吐纳麝香更高的去除率。     

超速电脑X光扫描机

香港山顶地区的明德医院于1990年12月开始使用超速电脑CT 扫描机。这是除美国和日本外在亚太地区首家唯一装备有此种扫描机的医院。Imatron 超速CT 扫描机是目前使用电子射束技术的最先进的诊断成像系统。超速CT 扫描机完全放弃了传统的机械旋转探测器或X 射线管组合,既克服了广泛使用的常规CT 扫描机在扫描速度上的难关,又解决了X 射线管的热散失问题。     

纤维滤池在石化废水深度处理中的应用

针对华锦集团废水处理及回用工程采用纤维滤池深度处理化工混合废水技术,使其出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918—2002)一级A排放标准,研究主要对纤维滤池的原理、设计参数、运行效果等进行实践探讨。运行结果表明:在稳定运行阶段,可实现进水量2 100 m3/h。进水化学需氧量(CODCr)平均浓度为50 mg/L,悬浮物(SS)浓度为15 mg/L,浊度平均浓度为15 mg/L,处理出水CODCr≤30 mg/L、SS≤10 mg/L、浊度≤10 mg/L。该工艺处理效果稳定,对SS和浊度处理效果显著。     

Intra-annual variability of urban effects on streamflow

While considerable research has established the impacts of urbanization on streamflow, there has been little emphasis on how intra-annual variations in streamflow can deepen the understanding of hydrological processes in urban watersheds. This study fills this critical research gap by examining, at the monthly scale, correlations between land-cover and streamflow, differences in streamflow metrics between urban and rural watersheds, and the potential for the inflow and infiltration (I&I) of extraneous water into sewers to reduce streamflow. We use data from 90 watersheds in the Atlanta, GA region over the 2013–2019 period to accomplish our objectives. Similar to other urban areas in temperate climates, Atlanta has a soil-water surplus in winter and a soil-water deficit in summer. Our results show urban watersheds have less streamflow seasonality than do rural watersheds. Compared to rural watersheds, urban watersheds have a much larger frequency of high-flow days during July–October. This is caused by increased impervious cover decreasing the importance of antecedent soil moisture in producing runoff. Urban watersheds have lower baseflows than rural watersheds during December–April but have baseflows equal to or larger than baseflows in rural watersheds during July–October. Intra-annual variations in effluent data from wastewater treatment plants provide evidence that I&I is a major cause of the relatively low baseflows during December–April. The relatively high baseflows in urban watersheds during July–October are likely caused by reduced evapotranspiration and the inflow of municipal water. The above seasonal aspects of urban effects on streamflow should be applicable to most urban watersheds with temperate climates.     

C/B法城镇污水处理技术简介

目前我国城市污水处理普遍采用的工艺为普通活性污泥法、氧法沟法、SBR法及AB法等。这些工艺虽然运行稳定，达到可靠，但投资大、运行费用高。鉴于我国的经济发展水平与发达国家有较大的差距，污染治理的资金投入有限，提出必须研究适合我国国情的高效、低耗、低成本的城市污水处理技术。阐述了C/B法的C段和B段污水处理技术，指出由于该技术是化学强化处理技术与生物滤池技术的有机结合，综合了化学处理与生物处理技术的优点，具有可分阶段实施、投资省、运行费用低、占地少、有效去除磷、氨、氮等优点。     

Urban stream temperature patterns: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the Philadelphia region,Pennsylvania, USA

Stream temperature is a critical water quality parameter that is not fully understood, particularly in urban areas. This study explores drivers contributing to stream temperature variability within an urban system, at 21 sites within the Philadelphia region, Pennsylvania, USA. A comprehensive set of temperature metrics were evaluated, including temperature sensitivity, daily maximum temperatures, time >20°C, and temperature surges during storms. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were the strongest driver of downstream temperature variability along 32 km in Wissahickon Creek. WWTP effluent temperature controlled local (1–3 km downstream) temperatures year-round, but the impacts varied seasonally: during winter, local warming of 2–7°C was consistently observed, while local cooling up to 1°C occurred during summer. Summer cooling and winter warming were detected up to 12 km downstream of a WWTP. Comparing effects from different WWTPs provided guidelines for mitigating their thermal impact; WWTPs that discharged into larger streams, had cooler effluent, or had lower discharge had less effect on stream temperatures. Comparing thermal regimes in four urban headwater streams, sites with more local riparian canopy had cooler maximum temperatures by up to 1.5°C, had lower temperature sensitivity, and spent less time at high temperatures, although mean temperatures were unaffected. Watershed-scale impervious area was associated with increased surge frequency and magnitude at headwater sites, but most storms did not result in a surge and most surges had a low magnitude. These results suggest that maintaining or restoring riparian canopy in urban settings will have a larger impact on stream temperatures than stormwater management that treats impervious area. Mitigation efforts may be most impactful at urban headwater sites, which are particularly vulnerable to stream temperature disruptions. It is vital that stream temperature impacts are considered when planning stormwater management or stream restoration projects, and the appropriate metrics need to be considered when assessing impacts.     

辽河油田污水回注适宜性研究

分别从地层地质条件,地下水有机指标化验,地下水多年水质变化规律,氚的同位素分析等方面研究了污水回注对地下淡水是否造成影响;并在此基础上建立了污水回注适宜性综合评价模型,对研究区进行了适宜性评价.