多面函数拟合在地壳水平运动研究中的应用

多面函数拟合法已被应用于地壳垂直形变模型的分析中。利用这一曲面拟合理论成功地研究了地壳水平形变模型。详细推导了相应的公式。为本方法的进一步研究与应用提供了几点启示。     

筠连地区煤层气低产低效井成因及增产改造措施

四川筠连地区煤层气田开发潜力较好,但大量低产低效井的存在制约了产能提升。为查明低效井成因,针对性地提高煤层气井产能,从地质、工程一体化的角度,结合地质条件并从工程因素出发,剖析高产井与地质因素的耦合关系,揭示地质、排采及工程3个方面影响下的低效井成因,并针对性提出相应的改造措施。结果表明,低效井主要分布在研究区北部、西部,受含气性、断层分布、开采层位、排采节奏及压裂窜井的影响,而高产井主要位于研究区中、南部,其产水量多低于1 m³/d,普遍具有流压低、持续产气时间长、产煤粉量低、矿化度高的特点。综合分析低效井治理效果发现,酸洗效果较好,震荡解堵效果不明显,二次压裂应严格控制施工参数。解决煤层气井低产低效问题,应从井位部署着手,围绕地质-工程-排采一体化开展井位设计和施工,开展有效合理的增产改造措施。     

连云港温盐井水温资料对比分析

随着海洋自动观测系统的推广应用,温盐井也在海洋系统普及开来,对温盐井性能的研究,即所测得的水文数据的有效性进行研究有现实意义。对连云港海洋环境监测站温盐井内外表层海水温度的数据运用传统的统计对比分析,指出该温盐井测得的数据中有96.2%的水温数据符合海滨观测规范规定的三级标准是有效的。从而表明温盐井满足了测量表层海上温度的技术要求。     

A numerical study on local characteristics of predetermined irregular wave trains

In actual sea states, damage to offshore floating structures is usually caused by a few extreme waves or wave groups in an irregular wave train. Accurate simulation of the irregular wave trains can lay a solid foundation for understanding the local flow field and impact loads that would potentially cause such damage. This paper describes how the generation of a single extreme wave was investigated. Determination of the wave-maker motion for generating specified irregular wave trains is the key to this work. First, an experimental irregular wave train was decomposed into a certain number of small-amplitude waves. Fourier series expansion was performed to determine the amplitude and the initial phase angle of each wave component. Then a hydrodynamic transfer function was used to calculate the amplitude of the wave-maker motion associated with each wave component. Superposition was made on all the wave components to get the final wave-maker motion. During the numerical simulation, calculated horizontal velocity profiles of the extreme wave at different moments were analyzed and compared with experimental results, and a satisfactory agreement was obtained. In the simulation, VOF method was employed to capture the free surface, and a dissipation zone was used to deal with wave reflection.     

罗源湾海水中粪大肠菌群的分布和年际变化

于2003年1月到2005年12月对罗源湾海区表层海水中的粪大肠菌群数量和分布进行了调查监测。监测结果表明:罗源湾表层海水中粪大肠菌群的数量在<2～540个/100mL之间,3年中月平均高值出现在8到10月份,低值出现在1到4月份,且年平均值呈逐年递增。原因分析发现,影响湾内海水中FCB的月平均值数量变化的最主要因素是降水量。另外通过多点采样结果比较,发现罗源湾表层海水中FCB的空间分布呈现为:湾内腹海区>湾中间海区>湾口海区。通过国家海水水质标准(GB3097-1997)对本次的调查监测结果进行评价,从2003年到2005年罗源湾海区海水中粪大肠菌群的达标率分别为100%,98.0%和97.9%,表明罗源湾海区表层海水的FCB污染相对较轻。     

2004年夏季中国南海北部的浮游植物

报道了2004年夏季南海北部18个大面测站浮游植物的调查结果。应用Utermhl方法初步鉴定出浮游植物4门74属159种,平均细胞丰度为(115.05±438.89)×103个/L(n=91),其中硅藻在物种丰富度和细胞丰度上占绝对优势;其次为甲藻。主要优势种为柔弱伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschiadelicatissima、旋链角毛藻Chaetoceroscurvisetus、皇冠角毛藻Chaetocerosdiadema、具齿原甲藻Prorocentrumdentatum和冰河拟星杆藻Asterionellopsisglacialis。调查区浮游植物表层细胞丰度的平面分布从沿岸向外海迅速减少,高值区分布在广东沿岸和珠江口附近海域。同1999年同期资料相比,浮游植物细胞丰度增加1倍,但平面分布趋势相同。调查区浮游植物垂直分布总体特征是由水体表层到底层,细胞丰度逐渐减少。细胞丰度密集区位于水体表层,但是只有S2断面出现了次表层最大值现象,其垂直剖面分布同叶绿素a、铵盐、溶解氧以及盐度密切相关。整个调查区浮游植物的多样性程度是低的。     

Numerical Modeling of the Stability of Horizontal Multidrain Oil Wells

The stability of the horizontal multidrain wells is a crucial issue and several factors are involved in this matter, including in-situ stresses, magnitude and distribution as well as the mainbore trajectories. In this paper, this issue is evaluated by assuming different circumstances for the above mentioned factors, based on finite difference three-dimensional modeling by using the finite difference numerical software, FLAC3D. The stability of the mainbore and lateral branches is analyzed based on the Normalized Yielded Zone Area (NYZA) criterion, i.e. the ratio of the surrounding yielded cross-sectional area to the initial area of the well. Optimum mud pressures are obtained in the mainbore and lateral branches in different mainbore trajectories under three in-situ stress regimes. In addition, the stability of the junction where the lateral branches are bifurcated from the mainbore is assessed in those situations. The optimum trajectory of the mainbore, in which the junction has obtained the most stable condition, is selected in each stress regime. It was concluded that in the Normal Faulting (NF) stress regime, the mainbore and junction stability varies in relation to the mainbore trajectories, inversely. However, in the other two stress regimes, i.e. Strike Slip (SS) and Reverse Faulting (RF), the variations of the mainbore and junction stability are in the same trend with respect to the mainbore trajectory deviations.     

Thermal stresses analysis of casing string used in enhanced geothermal systems wells

In the enhanced geothermal systems wells, casing temperature variation produces casing thermal stresses, resulting in casing uplift or bucking. When the induced thermal stresses exceed casing material's yield strength, the casing deforms and collapses. The traditional casing design standard only considers the influence of temperature variation on casing material's yield strength. Actually, for commonly used grades of steel pipe, casing's material properties-such as yield strength, coefficient of thermal expansion, and modulus of elasticity change with temperature variation. In this paper, the modified thermal stress equation is given. Examples show that the allowable temperature of the material grade N80's casing is only 164 ℃, which is much lower than that of the traditional design standard. The effective method to improve the casing pipe's allowable temperature is pre-stressed cementing technology. Pre-stressed cementing includes pre-tension stress cementing and pre-pressure stress cementing. This paper focuses on the design method of full casing pre-tension stress cementing and the ground anchor full casing string pre-tension cementing construction process.     

煤层气井产出水中氯离子变化规律回归分析模型

基于沁水盆地枣园区块大量煤层气井产出水分析化验数据,通过数学统计方法,研究总结了产出水中氯离子浓度与排采时间的变化规律。指出排采初期氯离子对环境影响最大,远超出国家Ⅱ类饮用水标准;同时利用SPSS软件进行了非线性回归分析,建立了氯离子浓度变化数学模型。通过模型可以合理预测氯离子浓度达到国家标准所需要的时间,为煤层气井产出水水质变化监测及地面水质处理提供了技术支持。     

成层竖向排水井地基固结分析

实际工程中竖井地基具有成层性,有时竖井也并未完全打穿软土层。在竖井打设区满足竖井等应变固结理论、下卧层满足一维太沙基固结理论假设的基础上,将现有竖井地基固结理论推广到成层未打穿竖井地基情况。利用边界条件和竖直向连续条件,确定该系统的正交关系,并给出了其固结解答,该解具有广泛的适用性。通过对竖井打设区和下卧层层数的变化,即可获得现有关于简单未打穿竖井地基的固结解答。将该解答编制成应用程序,对一算例进行了分析。结果表明,平均固结度按孔压定义和按变形定义是不相同的,硬表层的存在会加快其下土层的固结。