连云港温盐井水温资料对比分析

随着海洋自动观测系统的推广应用,温盐井也在海洋系统普及开来,对温盐井性能的研究,即所测得的水文数据的有效性进行研究有现实意义。对连云港海洋环境监测站温盐井内外表层海水温度的数据运用传统的统计对比分析,指出该温盐井测得的数据中有96.2%的水温数据符合海滨观测规范规定的三级标准是有效的。从而表明温盐井满足了测量表层海上温度的技术要求。     

方形网箱水平波浪力的迭加计算和实验验证

采用小直径圆柱体绕流理论和网渔具理论为基础的经验水动力计算法，分别考虑网箱框架是刚性体、网衣和绳索是柔性体的特征，结合正弦波理论对方形网箱及其构件受到的水平波浪力特性进行了分析研究，理论给出了波浪力迭加计算法，并把计算结果与小尺度的网箱水槽实验进行对比验证。结果表明，计算数值与试验数据较接近，平均误差率在15％以内。网箱水平波浪力呈周期性、不对称变化，在波浪周期小于0.72s时，主要以框架的波浪力为主，反之以网衣的为主。在波长为0.8m、周期为0.72s、水深为0.7m、波高为68.3mm情形下，计算结果显示网箱的框架尺寸和形状及其系泊、布局的选择应根据实际海况而定，网箱高度可适当增加，当设置水层下降深度相对于网箱高度比率为20％-40％，时，波浪力峰值下降相对率达68.03％-88.20％，表明可以较大程度地降低其波浪力。     

罗源湾海水中粪大肠菌群的分布和年际变化

本文于2003年1月到2005年12月对罗源湾海区表层海水中的粪大肠菌群数量和分布进行了调查监测。监测结果表明：罗源湾表层海水中粪大肠菌群的数量在〈2～540个／100mL之间,3年中月平均高值出现在8到10月份,低值出现在1到4月份,且年平均值呈逐年递增。原因分析发现,影响湾内海水中FCB的月平均值数量变化的最主要因素是降水量。另外通过多点采样结果比较,发现罗源湾表层海水中FCB的空间分布呈现为：湾内腹海区〉湾中间海区〉湾口海区。通过国家海水水质标准（GB3097-1997）对本次的调查监测结果进行评价,从2003年到2005年罗源湾海区海水中粪大肠菌群的达标率分别为100％,98．0％和97．9％,表明罗源湾海区表层海水的FCB污染相对较轻。     

Wave motion over a submerged breakwater with an upper horizontal porous plate and a lower horizontal solid plate

This study examines the hydrodynamic performance of a modified two-layer horizontal-plate breakwater. The breakwater consists of an upper submerged horizontal porous plate and a lower submerged horizontal solid plate. By means of the matched eigenfunction expansion method, a linear analytical solution is developed for the interaction of water waves with the structure. Then the reflection coefficient, the transmission coefficient, the energy-loss coefficient and the wave forces acting on the plates are calculated. The numerical results obtained for limiting cases are exactly the same as previous predictions for a single submerged horizontal solid plate and a single submerged horizontal porous plate. Numerical results show that with a suitable geometrical porosity of the upper plate, the uplift wave forces on both plates can be controlled at a low level. Numerical results also show that the transmission coefficient will be always small if the dimensionless plate length (plate length versus incident wavelength) exceeds a certain moderate value. This is rather significant for practical engineering, as the incident wavelength varies over a wide range in practice. Moreover, it is found that the hydrodynamic performance of the present structure may be further enhanced if the lower plate is also perforated.     

Numerical Modeling of the Stability of Horizontal Multidrain Oil Wells

The stability of the horizontal multidrain wells is a crucial issue and several factors are involved in this matter, including in-situ stresses, magnitude and distribution as well as the mainbore trajectories. In this paper, this issue is evaluated by assuming different circumstances for the above mentioned factors, based on finite difference three-dimensional modeling by using the finite difference numerical software, FLAC3D. The stability of the mainbore and lateral branches is analyzed based on the Normalized Yielded Zone Area (NYZA) criterion, i.e. the ratio of the surrounding yielded cross-sectional area to the initial area of the well. Optimum mud pressures are obtained in the mainbore and lateral branches in different mainbore trajectories under three in-situ stress regimes. In addition, the stability of the junction where the lateral branches are bifurcated from the mainbore is assessed in those situations. The optimum trajectory of the mainbore, in which the junction has obtained the most stable condition, is selected in each stress regime. It was concluded that in the Normal Faulting (NF) stress regime, the mainbore and junction stability varies in relation to the mainbore trajectories, inversely. However, in the other two stress regimes, i.e. Strike Slip (SS) and Reverse Faulting (RF), the variations of the mainbore and junction stability are in the same trend with respect to the mainbore trajectory deviations.     

一种基于层析成像技术提高浅地表面波勘探水平分辨率的方法

在高频面波方法中,水平分辨率是指水平方向上分辨异常体的能力.异常体在水平方向上的长度可用水平方向上横波速度的异常尺度来确定.面波多道分析（MASW）方法被广泛应用于浅地表横波速度结构的探测,然而该方法确定的横波速度是整个检波器排列的平均计算结果,因此水平分辨率较差.另外,采用共中心点（CMP）多次覆盖的方式采集数据亦增加了野外的工作量.我们在MASW方法的基础上,应用面波层析成像方法,提出一套提高面波勘探水平分辨率的完整方法的技术流程.首先,利用波场分离技术获得准确的基阶或高阶模式面波,采用相位扫描的互相关方法测量多道面波记录中任意两道之间的面波走时;然后根据面波层析成像方法,获得高分辨率的各目标网格内的纯路径相速度频散曲线;最后反演所有目标网格内的纯路径相速度频散曲线,得到研究区域的拟二维横波速度结构.这套方法具有一定的抗噪能力,理论上它可以准确地提取相邻两道之间面波的相速度频散曲线;同时由于该方法最少只需要1个排列就可以获得拟二维横波速度结构,因此它显著减小了野外工作量.理论模型和实际资料都证实了这套方法可有效提高面波勘探的水平分辨率.

     

Constructing an idealized model of the North Atlantic Ocean using slippery sacks

This paper documents the continued development and testing of a new Lagrangian oceanic general circulation model. The slippery sacks ocean model (SSOM), which represents a body of water as a pile of conforming parcels, is improved and is used to simulate circulations in homogeneous oceans and in an idealized model of the North Atlantic Ocean.A method for including horizontal mixing in the SSOM is presented. A given sack’s nearest neighbors are identified in the positive and negative x- and y-directions, and the sack exchanges momentum and/or tracers with these neighbors. This formulation of mixing is straightforward to implement, computationally efficient, and it produces results similar to a standard Eulerian finite-difference representation of diffusion.The model’s ability to reproduce the Stommel and Munk solutions to the classical western boundary current problem is tested. When steps are taken to reduce the potential energy barrier to sacks crossing one another, the model generates circulations that are consistent with linear theory. In moderately non-linear regimes the model produces appropriate departures from linear solutions including a boundary current that continues along the northern boundary for a time.Taking advantage of the new mixing scheme and lessons learned from simulations of homogeneous oceans, the authors construct an idealized model of the North Atlantic Ocean. They compare simulations conducted with the SSOM to similar simulations conducted with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm). The SSOM and the MITgcm produce similar wind-forced gyres, thermocline structure, and meridional overturning. The SSOM is also used to explore how circulations change in the limit when tracer diffusion goes to zero.     

筠连地区煤层气低产低效井成因及增产改造措施

四川筠连地区煤层气田开发潜力较好,但大量低产低效井的存在制约了产能提升。为查明低效井成因,针对性地提高煤层气井产能,从地质、工程一体化的角度,结合地质条件并从工程因素出发,剖析高产井与地质因素的耦合关系,揭示地质、排采及工程3个方面影响下的低效井成因,并针对性提出相应的改造措施。结果表明,低效井主要分布在研究区北部、西部,受含气性、断层分布、开采层位、排采节奏及压裂窜井的影响,而高产井主要位于研究区中、南部,其产水量多低于1 m³/d,普遍具有流压低、持续产气时间长、产煤粉量低、矿化度高的特点。综合分析低效井治理效果发现,酸洗效果较好,震荡解堵效果不明显,二次压裂应严格控制施工参数。解决煤层气井低产低效问题,应从井位部署着手,围绕地质-工程-排采一体化开展井位设计和施工,开展有效合理的增产改造措施。     

H024U井施工工艺及精确中靶技术措施

水平井H024U用于连通第一靶点直井V024和第二靶点直井V024U。在该井组施工过程中,采用了先进的对接井施工工艺与具有高技术含量和自主知识产权的高精度磁测中靶系统。结合土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿三期工程16口水平井的施工经验,精心设计和控制钻井参数,以最佳准确度成功命中第二靶点,实现了井组精确连通的目的。     

吉林市城区地下水源热泵浅层地热能开发利用前景分析

地下水源热泵浅层地热能是指地下水在抽水-回灌过程中,利用水源热泵提取水中的热能,或用于空调制冷产生的能量转换。地下水源热泵地热能是浅层地热能的一种主要类型。地下水源热泵浅层地热能是一种可循环利用、环保的新型能源,逐渐为人们认识,具有广泛的开发前景。本文简要介绍吉林市城区地下水源热泵浅层地热能条件,开发利用前景分析。