Relative sea‐level changes since 15 000 cal. yr BP in the Nanortalik area,southern Greenland

We present new results for relative sea‐level change for southern Greenland for the interval from 9000 cal. yr BP to the present. Together with earlier work from the same region this yields a nearly complete record from the time of deglaciation to the present. Isolation and/or transgression sequences in one lake and five tidal basins have been identified using lithostratigraphic analyses, sedimentary characteristics, magnetic susceptibility, saturated induced remanent magnetisation (SIRM), organic and carbonate content, and macrofossil analyses. AMS radiocarbon dating of macrofossils and bulk sediment samples provides the timescale. Relative sea level fell rapidly and reached present‐day level at ～9300 cal. yr BP and continued falling until at least 9000 cal. yr BP. Between 8000 and 6000 cal. yr BP sea level reached its lowest level of around ～10 m below highest astronomical tide. At around 5000 cal. yr BP, sea level had reached above 7.8 m below highest astronomical tide and slowly continued to rise, not reaching present‐day sea level until today. The isostatic rebound caused rapid isolation of the basins that are seen as distinct isolation contacts in the sediments. In contrast, the late Holocene transgressions are less well defined and occurred over longer time intervals. The late Holocene sea‐level rise may be a consequence of isostatic reloading by advancing glaciers and/or an effect of the delayed response to isostatic rebound of the Laurentide ice sheet. One consequence of this transgression is that settlements of Palaeo‐Eskimo cultures may be missing in southern Greenland. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Holocene vegetation and land‐use changes in response to climatic changes in the forelands of the southwestern Alps,Italy

The Holocene sediment of Lago Piccolo di Avigliana (Piedmont, Italy, 356 m a.s.l.) was dated by ¹⁴C and analysed for pollen to reconstruct the vegetation history of the area. The early‐ and mid‐Holocene pollen record shows environmental responses to centennial‐scale climatic changes as evidenced by independent palaeoclimatic proxies. When human impact was low or negligible, continental mixed‐oak forests decreased at ca. 9300 BC in response to the early‐Holocene Preboreal climatic oscillation. Abies alba expanded in two phases, probably in response to higher moisture availability at ca. 6000 and ca. 4000 BC , while Fagus expanded later, possibly in response to a climatic change at 3300 BC . During and after the Bronze Age five distinct phases of intensified land use were detected. The near synchroneity with the land‐use phases detected in wetter regions in northern and southern Switzerland points to a common forcing factor in spite of cultural differences. Increasing minerogenic input to the lake since 1000 BC coincided with Late Bronze—Iron Age technical innovations and probably indicate soil erosion as a consequence of deforestation in the lake catchment. The highest values for cultural indicators occurred at 700–450 and at 300–50 BC , coinciding with periods of high solar activity (inferred from Δ¹⁴C). This suggests that Iron Age land use was enhanced by high solar activity, while re‐occupation of partly abandoned areas after crises in earlier periods match better with the GRIP stable isotope record. On the basis of our data and comparison with independent palaeoclimatic proxies we suggest that precipitation variation was much more important than temperature oscillations in driving vegetation and societal changes throughout the Holocene. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

粤东沿海全新世海滩岩的特征及其所反映的海平面变化

利用水准仪对粤东沿海海滩岩的分布高度进行实地测量,并且在同一地点进行连续取样,同时分析了海滩岩的结构、构造、物质组分及其微量元素,并从海滩岩的角度探讨该区的海平面变化。     

Holocene paleoclimates of southern Arabia from lacustrine deposits of the Dhamar highlands, Yemen

This paper presents new evidence from the Dhamar highlands, Yemen, of paleohydrologic response to fluctuations in Holocene climate. Stratigraphic, geochemical, and chronological analyses of highland peat and lacustrine deposits contribute to knowledge of the timing of early Holocene moisture changes on the Arabian Peninsula, providing a backdrop to understanding early cultural development in the Arabian highlands. The location of the Dhamar highlands, characterized by intermontane valleys surrounded by the highest mountains on the Arabian Peninsula and adjacent to the Indian Ocean is ideal for examining the influence of the Indian Ocean Monsoon (IOM) on the moisture history of this region. Fluctuations in the lacustrine and paleosol records of the Dhamar highlands reflect both local changes in paleohydrology and regional influences on the Holocene paleoclimatic conditions in southwest Arabia. In addition, a peat deposit with a radiocarbon age of 10,253 – 10,560 cal yr BP documents some of the earliest Holocene high moisture conditions on the Arabian Peninsula.     

大布苏湖全新世沉积岩心的碳酸盐含量与湖面波动

大布苏湖是我国东北地区极为罕见的盐湖，通过对该湖现代湖盆碳酸盐沉积相的分析，以及钻孔岩心碳酸盐含量和^14C年代的测定,探讨了大布苏湖全新世湖面波动与环境演化的过程。结果表明，大布苏湖有两次高湖面时期，分别为10450－7260和5400－3600aBP，湖泊水位稳定在125m以上，这两个时期也是松嫩沙地古土壤集中发育的时期，晚全新世以来，大布苏湖明显萎缩，气候向干燥方向转化。     

Post-LGM sedimentation on the outer shelf-upper slope of the northernmost part of the São Paulo Bight, southeastern Brazil

Sedimentary and isotope data as well as ¹⁴C AMS dating on 15 box cores were used to identify the main post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) processes in the outer shelf and upper slope of the northernmost part of the São Paulo Bight, southeastern Brazil. Results show slight but significant variations in calcium carbonate, total sulphur and nitrogen contents as well as carbon and oxygen isotope ratios. Sedimentation rates, varying from 5 to 184 mm kyr⁻¹ are controlled by the shelf and upper slope morphology, the Brazil Current meander dynamics, and the Coastal Water offshore motion.     

长江三峡及江汉平原地区全新世环境考古与异常洪涝灾害研究

根据对长江三峡及江汉平原地区新石器文化遗址的分布、文化间断、埋藏古树和历史资料探讨了本区全新世异常洪水频率的变化，共划分出４个洪水频率发期：第Ⅰ洪水期（８０００ａＢＰ－５５００ａＢＰ）共发生特大洪水９次；第Ⅱ洪水期（４７００ａＢＰ－３５００ａＢＰ），至少发生特大洪水９次；第Ⅲ洪水期（２２００ａＢＰ－７００ａＰＢ），共发生特大洪水５２次，其中在小冰期最冷期（３００ａＢＰ－１００ａＢＰ）就有４０次。前     

Diatom paleoecology of the Mar Chiquita lagoon delta,Argentina

A 68 cm thick outcrop of diatomaceous sediments at the head of Mar Chiquita Lagoon on the Argentine coast near Buenos Aires provides evidence of Holocene paleoenvironmental changes related to sea level changes and freshwater input to the lagoon system. Salinity tolerances of extant diatom taxa were used for the reconstruction and multivariate analytical techniques were applied to reduce subjective interpretations of the diatom percentage data.The basal half of the record was deposited before 3000 years ago and fossil diatoms indicate generally freshwater conditions with one fluctuation in mesohalobous diatoms suggesting brackish water conditions at a depth of about 60 cm. Polyhalobous (marine) diatoms characterize the record after 3000 years ago and large numbers of epiphytic diatoms indicate salt marsh environments with episodic seawater fluctuations to supratidal levels. Freshwater diatoms returned at the top of the outcrop, presumably as a result of the restriction of the historic marine inlet to the lagoon and the effects of freshwater inflow to the basin.This is the second in a series of papers published in this issue on Paleolimnology in Southern South America. Dr. C. A. Fernández served as guest editor for these papers.     

石笋中的环境替代指标及其蕴含的古气候和古环境信息

在古气候和古环境的研究中,洞穴石笋已成为一种重要的研究载体.分别对其中的石笋微层厚度(即石笋的生长速度),石笋的断裂、坍塌和沉积间断,石笋中磁化率等物理替代指标以及石笋微层荧光性和灰度,稳定同位素,微量元素分布等化学替代指标进行了综述,其中化学替代指标分为有机地球化学指标和无机地球化学指标.对各指标存在的问题进行了探讨,同时对石笋在古气候变化中的研究前景进行了展望.     

西辽河平原东部沼泽发育与中全新世早期以来古环境演变

根据典型沼泽剖面14 C测年及其树木年轮校正、孢粉分析、粘土矿物X 衍射分析、泥炭植物残体鉴定和沉积物的化学元素聚集与迁移资料 ,研究了中全新世以来西辽河平原东部沼泽发育过程与古环境演变及其二者的关系。结果表明 ,位于生态环境过渡带、脆弱带的沼泽发生、发育对环境变化尤为敏感。中全新世早期以来 ,环境变化频繁 ,由此导致沼泽发育出现多次形成、发育、退化、消亡、再生循环变化。沼泽发育与古环境演变可划分为 6个时期 :中全新世早期沼泽孕育与萌芽发育期 ;中全新世中期沼泽旺盛发育期 ;中全新世中晚期沼泽间断发育期 ;中全新世晚期沼泽退化发育期 ;晚全新世早期沼泽复苏期 ;晚全新世晚期沼泽消亡期。距今 5 80 0年左右为本区全新世沼泽最早发育期。沼泽发育也遵循富营养沼泽长期发展的模式