土工格栅加筋膨胀土拉拔试验研究

土工格栅加筋技术对膨胀土地质灾害的防治具有特殊效果,但目前对土工格栅与膨胀土界面特性的研究不足。采用南水北调中线工程新乡段的膨胀性泥灰岩风化土作填料,塑料单向拉伸土工格栅作为加筋体,在叠环式剪切试验机上通过施加不同的竖向荷载对其界面特性进行了拉拔试验研究。研究结果表明,土工格栅在膨胀土中的拔出过程主要经过3个阶段,分别是界面静摩擦力阶段、渐进剪切阶段和整体运动阶段,各阶段受力特性有明显差异;随着法向应力的增大,静摩擦力在界面抗剪强度比值呈对数级增大,从50 kPa时0.20增大至400 kPa时0.57,极限值可达到0.75;对挡土墙、高边坡等加筋设计中应考虑最大静摩擦力所占比重,在格栅的不同竖向高度处所受垂直应力不同,分段设计更加合理。     

金沙江流域降水和径流时空演变的非一致性分析

基于金沙江流域1966~2010年降水和径流资料,采用单变量Mann-Kendall(MK)趋势分析法、突变检验法和多变量MK法对金沙江流域近几十年来的降水和径流变化进行了非一致性分析。结果表明:金沙江流域年降水和年径流整体呈上升趋势,特别是从20世纪90年代之后增大趋势较为明显。其中金沙江流域中游以上区域的年降水通过显著性检验,上升趋势较为明显,而各个水文站点的年径流均未通过显著性检验,仅存在微弱的上升趋势。中游攀枝花站集水区域的面平均年降水趋势存在突变点,在1997年之后显著增加,而其年径流则不存在突变点,其他站点面平均年降水和年径流趋势都不存在突变。此外,中游龙街站集水区域的面平均年降水和年径流通过多变量MK显著性检验,表明龙街站降水和径流联合变量呈显著增加趋势。     

季冻区土质边坡滑动界面临界深度的试验研究

为研究季节冰冻区土质边坡春融期常发生的浅层滑坡灾害,考虑盐水冰点低于水的冰点这一物理特性,设计了模拟土坡内部冻融界面的试验方法。比较了在不同含水率时,经冻融循环后土质边坡滑动面的临界深度,验证了在冻融界面上土质边坡的破坏形态,根据试验结果拟合了符合本文土样条件的土质边坡滑动面临界深度的损伤模型。分析表明,冻融循环后,随含水率和冻融循环次数的增加,边坡滑动破坏的临界深度值逐渐减小,经对试验数据拟合提出的临界深度随冻融循环损伤模型,可为季节冰冻区的边坡设计提供参考。     

陡坡寺中微风化料的大型三轴试验研究

随着西部山区的基础设施建设进入迅速发展的阶段,越来越多的高填方工程正在或将要兴建,而对填料力学性质的认识也就成为决定这些高填方工程安全性的重要因素。通过一系列大型三轴试验,对分布于云南等地的陡坡寺中微风化料的剪切力学特性进行了研究。结果表明,陡坡寺中微风化料与典型堆石料的力学特性有很大不同,其强度较低,并且应力-应变关系、强度和刚度等特征都比较接近于细粒土。另外,水对陡坡寺中微风化料的力学特性有着显著的影响,其遇水后强度大为降低,因此,在设计和施工中必须予以充分考虑。对试验数据的拟合表明,邓肯-张模型能较好地模拟陡坡寺中微风化料在不同围压下的应力-应变关系。     

复杂应力条件下掺砾黏土真三轴试验

采用新型真三轴仪器,对掺砾黏土进行了复杂应力条件下加载试验,近似模拟了土石坝填筑期心墙土体单元的加荷过程。试验结果表明,由于土体单元处于复杂应力状态,即使是单向加载这样的简单加荷应力路径,在不同应力方向上的应力和变形也都呈现显著的应力各向异性。土石坝应力变形分析中坝体单元处于三向应力条件下,由于加载引起的应力各向异性对心墙乃至整个坝体的应力变形规律都有较大影响,合理的本构模型应该能够反映并描述这种复杂应力状态下的应力各向异性。     

Development of the cyclic p–y curve for a single pile in sandy soil

Pile foundations that support transmission towers or offshore structures are dominantly subjected to cyclic lateral load induced by wind and waves. For a successful design, it is crucial to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile behavior that is loaded laterally. Although the p–y curve method is generally utilized to design the cyclic laterally loaded pile foundations, the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the pile has not been properly implemented with the p–y curve. This reflects a lack of consideration of the overall stiffness change in soil–pile interaction. To address this, a series of model pile tests were conducted in this study on a preinstalled aluminum flexible pile under various sandy soil conditions. The test results were used to investigate the effect of cyclic lateral loads on the p–y behavior. The cyclic p–y curve, which properly takes into account this effect, was developed as a hyperbolic function. Pseudo-static analysis was also conducted with the proposed cyclic p–y curve, which showed that it was able to properly simulate cyclic laterally loaded pile behavior in sandy soil.     

北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性分析

为研究北部湾地区海砂填料的动力特性,采用高级动态三轴测试系统开展循环荷载下的动三轴试验,研究不同围压及不同动应力幅值对海砂动力特性的影响规律。试验结果表明：轴向累计应变随围压增加而减小,围压150 kPa时振次10 000后应变仅为3%;随着动应力幅值的增大轴向累积应变随之增大,且达到破坏标准的时间越短。动弹性模量随着动应力幅值和围压的增加而增大,不同围压下动弹性模量随动应变的增加出现先骤减再略减后稳定的发展趋势,ε_d>0.3%后开始趋于稳定;不同动应力幅值下动弹性模量出现先增后减直至稳定的趋势,其中动应力幅值对动弹性模量有明显的影响,围压影响相对较小。孔压比随动应力幅值增加而减小,随围压增加而增加。     

An Experi mental Study on Wave-Induced Dynamic Stresses in Seabed

1 .IntroductionEvery year ,Taiwanis subjectedtotwo or three typhoonintrusions in average which always causedisasters . Most of the disasters which occur around the coastal zone are due to seabed instability andcoastal structure destruction caused bytyphoo…     

A moving PIV system for ship model test in a towing tank

A moving particle image velocimetry (PIV) system was successfully developed and used in a large towing tank for ship model tests to observe velocity fields near ship models. The experimental method involved adjustable optical devices for various test conditions and a special particle-seeding device. The streamwise and cross-streamwise flow fields of a yacht model and a tanker model were measured. Ship type, bottom shape, and towing speed were found to be the causes of problems affecting optical access and image quality. Possible solutions, deeper optical ducts, dark painting color, and pre-processed analysis method, were proposed and discussed.     

Seismic tests on reinforced concrete and steel frames retrofitted with dissipative braces

Seismic tests have been conducted on two 3‐storey structures protected with pressurized fluid‐viscous spring damper devices. One of the structures was a reinforced concrete frame with clay elements in the slabs, while the other one was a steel frame with steel/concrete composite slabs. The spring dampers were installed through K bracing in between the floors. The tests were performed by means of the pseudodynamic method, which allowed the use of large and full‐size specimens, and by implementing a specific compensation strategy for the strain‐rate effect at the devices. The test results allowed the verification of the adequacy of the attachment system as well as the comparison of the behaviour of the unprotected buildings with several protected configurations, showing the benefits of the application of the devices and the characteristics of their performance. The response of the protected structures was always safer than that of the unprotected ones mainly due to a significant increase of equivalent damping. The increase in the damping ratio depends on the level of deformation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.