X波段双偏振天气雷达衰减订正方法及效果检验

X波段双偏振天气雷达在观测强降水时衰减较大,双偏振雷达的相位参数因衰减较小可用于反射率的衰减订正。自适应算法和差传播相移率K_(DP)订正法是应用较多的两种衰减订正算法,这两种方法均采用了差分参数实现衰减订正。自适应算法实现因难,但能够根据不同降水类型对订正系数进行调整,而K_(DP)订正法则无法实现。本文在自适应算法和K_(DP)订正法衰减订正的基础上提出了K_(DP)综合分类法,该算法实现简单,并分别采用三种方法完成衰减订正,然后对订正效果进行了比较分析,并与S波段雷达进行了对比。最后将订正前后的反射率联合地面降水资料进行对比研究,结果显示订正后反射率更适合观测降水及反演雨强。     

Hydraulic Fracturing-induced Seismicity at the Hot Dry Rock Site of the Gonghe Basin in China

Hot dry rock is becoming an important clean energy source. Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) hold great promise for the potential to make a contribution to the energy inventory. However, one controversial issue associated with EGS is the impact of induced seismicity. In August 2019, a hydraulic stimulation experiment took place at the hot dry rock site of the Gonghe Basin in Qinghai, China. Earthquakes of different magnitudes of 2 or less occurred during the hydraulic stimulation. Correlations between hydraulic stimulation and seismic risk are still under discussion. Here, we analyze the hydraulic stimulation test and microseismic activity. We quantify the evolution of several parameters to explore the correlations between hydraulic stimulation and induced seismicity, including hydraulic parameters, microseismic events, b-value and statistical forecasting of event magnitudes. The results show that large-magnitude microseismic events have an upward trend with an increase of the total fluid volume. The variation of the b-value with time indicates that the stimulation experiment induces small amounts of seismicity. Forecasted magnitudes of events can guide operational decisions with respect to induced seismicity during hydraulic fracturing operations, thus providing the basis for risk assessment of hot dry rock exploitation.     

干热岩地应力测量评价方法与前沿挑战

可靠的地应力数据能够指导开发干热岩资源。本文针对干热岩深部储层地应力调查存在的困难,按照基于钻孔、岩芯和地质的三类调查手段,首先总结提出了适用于干热岩地应力测量与评价的方法,并指出了其基本原理、测试仪器、应用场景与存在的优缺点。然后,以我国青海共和干热岩试采工程为例,提出了干热岩地应力测量与评价模式,给出了储层地应力特征的主要认识,并验证其与工程开发结果的一致性。最后,总结了干热岩地应力测量方法的认识,指出了干热岩开发中与地应力相关的两大前沿科学问题,即储层裂缝控制与诱发地震,并对其发展趋势与挑战进行了展望。     

碳中和目标驱动下干热岩和增强型地热系统增产技术发展

地热能作为一种清洁低碳、稳定连续的非碳基能源,可为实现碳中和、碳达峰目标提供重要保障.通过回顾国内外干热岩和增强型地热系统的开发现状,储层改造建造技术现状和近期发展,微地震监测技术发展和诱发地震灾害评估方法进展,示踪技术进步和电磁法的监测潜力,展望干热岩和增强型地热系统增产技术发展前景和研究开发方向,为相关的工程技术和研究人员提供参考.     

综合地物化技术在额仁陶勒盖矿集区地质找矿中的应用—布日罕特银多金属矿点的发现及意义

在大兴安岭北段额仁陶勒盖大型银矿外围东部成矿地质条件有利地区开展了地质、激电、高精磁、土壤综合剖面工作,取得了较好的找矿进展。发现了一处规模较大的连续高极化高电阻率异常带,该异常带对应叠加有多元素土壤地球化学异常,综合判断为矿致异常,结合物化探工作及地表工程验证新发现了布日罕特银多金属矿点,并圈定了矿体,判断深部矿化体具有一定规模。通过地质填图工作在额仁陶勒盖大型银矿南部新发现了钼矿化点,综合显示出额仁陶勒盖矿集区有较好的找矿远景。该区的综合地物化找矿方法为大兴安岭北段及相邻地区找矿勘查提供了范例。     

Molecular characterization of dissolved black nitrogen via electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Combustion produces a complex mixture of polycondensed aromatic compounds known as black carbon (BC). Such products can become remobilized from char and soil in the form of dissolved BC (DBC). Ultra-high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI–FT-ICRMS) analysis of a variety of soil and char leachates showed that a significant proportion of DBC compounds contained one or more nitrogen atoms. While the presence of black nitrogen (DBN) in dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been reported, its molecular features were uncharacterized. Here we present results of FT-ICRMS characterization of DBN, where assigned formulae were validated on the basis on their ¹³C isotope signatures and fragmentation patterns obtained via collision induced dissociation. Possible chemical structures were assigned for several DBN formulae and suggest that nitrogen was incorporated into the core ring system as a pyrrole-type moiety. Most DBN compounds existed as part of homologous series where homologs differed by a mass corresponding to CO₂, suggesting that they were polysubstituted with carboxylic acid groups. The environmental contribution of such novel, aromatic, combustion-derived nitrogen compounds with respect to global nitrogen cycling remains elusive. The biogeochemical implications of the input of such fire-derived products to aquatic ecosystems as part of climate change therefore need to be assessed.     

橄榄玄粗岩铀地球化学与成矿关系研究——以赣南草桃背(6722)铀矿床为例

采用活动性U、Th溶浸实验、235U诱发裂变径迹、Pb同位素组成示踪等方法,对草桃背橄榄玄粗岩铀地球化学进行的研究表明:1草桃背橄榄玄粗岩U含量偏高(众数值3.23×10-6),为世界安山岩平均值的2倍左右;2 U的存在形式以结构铀为主,活动性U含量及其所占全U比例(浸出率)非常低,分别为0.7×10-6和15.9%;3根据Pb同位素组成计算,草桃背橄榄玄粗岩以U带入为特征。对流体作用敏感的元素对比值(U/Th、Pb/Ce、Ba/La、Cs/Rb)研究判明,地幔流体参与了草桃背橄榄玄粗岩的形成。草桃背橄榄玄粗岩地球化学特征表明,源区富集地幔流体的交代作用是形成草桃背橄榄玄粗岩富含U等大离子亲石元素的主要制约因素,但草桃背橄榄玄粗岩不能为6722矿床提供主要的成矿铀源。     

基于SIR-C数据的SAR极化特征参数区分海冰与海水的能力评价

利用1994年10月南极区域的6景SIR-C影像,评估了L波段和C波段下13种主要的SAR极化特征参数区分海冰、海水信息的能力。结果表明:L波段下有6种参数能较好地区分海冰和海水,它们是:散射熵、交叉极化比HV/VV、同极化比VV/HH、同极化相关系数ρHH-VV、HV极化后向散射系数、Alpha角;另外,HH极化后向散射系数、交叉极化比HV/HH具有一定的区分海冰和海水的能力;其余5种难以区分海冰和海水。C波段下有4种参数能较好地区分海冰和海水,他们是:散射熵、同极化相关系数ρHH-VV、HV极化后向散射系数、同极化比VV/HH;HH极化后向散射系数、交叉极化比HV/VV、Alpha角和VV极化后向散射系数这4种参数具有一定的区分海冰和海水的能力;其余5种难以区分海冰和海水。且总体来看,L波段区分海冰和海水的能力好于C波段。这为海冰探测的研究提供了有用的参考。     

多时相双极化合成孔径雷达干涉测量土地覆盖分类方法

综合采用时相、极化和干涉3种维度的SAR数据进行土地覆盖分类。以黑龙江省逊克县多时相ALOS PALSAR数据覆盖区为研究区,利用不同时相极化SAR、干涉SAR信号对地物特征的敏感性,结合后向散射强度和干涉相干的时变特征进行地物解译,发展了基于多时相、多极化、干涉SAR数据的SVM土地覆盖分类方法。研究结果表明,引入双极化SAR中不同极化(HH-HV)间的相干系数,并结合所选择的时相特征、极化特征以及干涉相干特征进行分类,可解决双极化SAR影像中林地与城市及建设用地的混分问题,得到更高精度的土地覆盖分类结果。     

全极化微波辐射计对环境参数敏感性分析

为衡量全极化微波辐射计各通道对不同环境参数的探测能力,在构建全极化微波辐射传输正演模型的基础上,采用敏感性分析的方法,在固定背景场条件下,对全极化微波辐射计不同频率、各极化通道亮温对海面风速、海面风向、海面温度、大气水汽含量和云中液态水含量等重要环境参数的敏感度进行了分析和量化计算,对正演模型仿真亮温、星载全极化微波辐射计Wind Sat实测亮温相对于真实背景场参数、NCEP分析场资料和TAO/TRITON浮标实测海面风场数据的敏感性进行了分析。分析结果验证了全极化微波辐射计对海面风场的观测能力,衡量了上述重要环境参数对星载全极化微波辐射计各通道的单独影响程度,为中国自主研制全极化微波辐射计时通道指标设计、环境参数反演通道选取及算法提供支持。