东濮凹陷北部盐湖相原油特征与成因

东濮凹陷盐湖相油气成因与成藏机理研究薄弱。采用色谱/质谱(GC/MS)等常规技术,结合傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱、单体烃碳同位素技术,对东濮凹陷北部文明寨、卫城地区油气特征及其成因进行了解剖。结果表明,该区原油具有植烷对姥鲛烷优势显著、伽马蜡烷富集、升藿烷“翘尾”、甾烷异构化程度较低等咸水、盐湖相原油的典型特征。原油还具有正构烷烃单体烃碳同位素呈低碳重、高碳轻、近两段式分布的特征,与柴达木盐湖相原油有所差异。原油中检测到丰富的S1、S2、O1S1、N1、O1、O2、O3等芳构化程度较低的NSO化合物,其与该区低熟油的形成关系密切。油-油、油-岩详细对比表明,东濮凹陷北部原油主要来自埋深超过3 000 m的沙三—沙四段烃源岩、存在不同成熟度原油混合聚集现象。研究结果对该区进一步油气勘探具有重要指示意义。     

胶州湾沉积物中有机质的来源与组成及其对百年尺度环境变化的指示

The Jiaozhou Bay is characterized by heavy eutrophication that is associated with intensive anthropogenic activities. Four core sediments from the Jiaozhou Bay are analyzed using bulk technologies, including sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), the stable carbon(δ~(13)C) and nitrogen(δ~(15) N) isotopic composition to obtain the comprehensive understanding of the source and composition of sedimentary organic matter and further shed light on the environmental changes of the Jiaozhou Bay on a centennial time scale.Results suggest that the TOC and TN concentrations increase in the upper core, having indicated a probable eutrophication process since the 1920 s in the inner bay and the 2000 s in the bay mouth. The TOC and TN concentrations outside the bay have also changed since 1916 owing to the variation of terrigenous input.Considering TOC/TN ratio, δ~(13) C and δ~(15) N, it can be concluded there is a mixture of terrigenous and marine organic matter sources in the study area. A simple two end-member(terrigenous and marine) mixing model usingδ~(13) C indicats that 45%–79% of TOC in the Jiaozhou Bay is from the marine source. The environmental changes of the Jiaozhou Bay are recorded by geochemical proxies, which are influenced by the intensive anthropogenic activities(e.g., extensive use of fertilizers, and discharge of sewage) and climate changes(e.g., rainfall).     

塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源

通过对塔里木河下游典型荒漠植物河岸胡杨（Populus euphratica,成年和幼龄）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata）、骆驼刺（Alhagi sparfolia）木质部水及不同潜在水源的稳定性氧同位素值的测定,并利用多源线性混合模型（IsoSource）和相似性比例指数（PS指数）分别分析了各潜在水源对不同植物的贡献率以及各月份不同植物间的水分利用关系。结果表明：（1）在塔里木河下游,成年胡杨、幼龄胡杨、柽柳几乎都不利用0~50 cm的表层土壤水,而主要利用200 cm以下的深层土壤水和地下水,而甘草、骆驼刺主要吸收50~200 cm的土壤水。（2）在生长季的不同月份里,除个别月份外,胡杨（成年和幼龄）、柽柳之间存在激烈水分竞争;甘草、骆驼刺在生长旺季和末期对各水源都存在较强的竞争关系,而成年或幼龄胡杨、柽柳和甘草、骆驼刺之间水分竞争关系较弱。（3）在塔里木河下游,为了适应极端干旱,无论是乔木胡杨、还是灌木柽柳,水分来源主要是较稳定的深层水源,且对各水源的利用比例在不同月份波动不大。     

西藏班公湖—怒江成矿带南侧矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床S、Pb同位素组成及成矿物质来源

班公湖—怒江成矿带南侧分布着多个与班公湖—怒江洋南向俯冲、碰撞、后碰撞伸展各阶段有关的矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床,目前对单个矿床的研究较多,而对形成于不同环境下的矿床之间的对比研究较少。本文通过对该成矿带南侧典型矽卡岩型铜多金属矿床的S、Pb同位素特征进行较为系统的总结,并结合前人对辉钼矿Re同位素、成矿岩体地球化学特征、成岩成矿时代及区域构造演化等研究的成果,对不同构造背景下所形成的4个矿床的成矿物质来源进行对比研究。研究表明：舍索矿床的S同位素具有明显的双峰式分布,为壳幔混合来源,而区内典型矿床的S同位素显示从班公湖—怒江洋南向俯冲（舍索）→碰撞（嘎拉勒、尕尔穷）→后碰撞（班戈日阿）逐渐富集重硫的特征;Pb同位素显示舍索较其他矿床更富集放射成因Pb,舍索、班戈日阿矿床成矿物质主要来源于念青唐古拉群结晶基底,而同碰撞期形成的嘎拉勒、尕尔穷矿床则显示了明显的壳幔混合来源的特征,念青唐古拉群结晶基底对尕尔穷矿床的成矿物质有少量贡献。此外,斑岩-矽卡岩复合型矿床的成矿物质来源具有壳幔混源的特征,而单一的矽卡岩型矿床以上地壳来源为主。     

冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物中稀土元素组成及其物源指示意义

冲绳海槽中段表层沉积物主要是由陆源、火山源和生物源物质按不同比例组成的混合物。研究表明,陆源物质(长江和黄河沉积物)稀土总量最高,轻稀土明显比重稀土富集;火山物质(冲绳海槽火山玻璃)具有较明显的正Eu异常且重稀土相对富集;生物源物质(冲绳海槽有孔虫壳)中稀土富集。3种端员物质的稀土元素组成特征存在显著差异,因此,选择合适的稀土元素特征参数——∑LREE／∑HREE、Eu／Sm及MREE／(LREE HREE)可以分别刻画出冲绳海槽沉积物中陆源、火山源及生物源物质的组成特征。通过与前人对研究区物源定性、定量分区的结果对比,验证了利用稀土元素特征参数刻画冲绳海槽混合沉积物物质来源组成的有效性。     

点源激发瑞利波的半空间波场

用改进的Cagniard Dehoop方法导出均匀弹性半空间表面点源激发的瑞利波波场位移精确表达式,由此式求得弹性半空间任意点的位移,描绘了稳态和瞬态震源激发的瑞利波波场.     

From regional seismic hazard to “scenario earthquakes” for seismic microzoning: A new methodological tool for the Celano Project

We present the results of a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment and disaggregation analysis aimed to understand the dominant magnitudes and source-to-site distances of earthquakes that control the hazard at the Celano site in the Abruzzo region of central Italy. Firstly, we calculated a peak ground acceleration map for the central Apennines area, by using a model of seismogenic sources defined on geological-structural basis. The source model definition and the probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation at the regional scale (central Apennines) were obtained using three different seismicity models (Gutenberg–Richter model; characteristic earthquake model; hybrid model), consistent with the available seismological information. Moreover, a simplified time-dependent hypothesis has been introduced, computing the conditional probability of earthquakes occurrence by Brownian passage time distributions.Subsequently, we carried out the disaggregation analysis, with a modified version of the SEISRISK III code, in order to separate the contribution of each source to the total hazard.The results show the percentage contribution to the Celano hazard of the various seismogenic sources, for different expected peak ground acceleration classes. The analysis was differentiated for close (distance from Celano <20 km) and distant (distance from Celano >20 km) seismogenic sources. We propose three different “scenario earthquakes”, useful for the site condition studies and for the seismic microzoning study: (1) large (M=6.6) local (Celano-epicentre distance 16 km) earthquake, with mean recurrence time of 590 years; (2) moderate (M=5.5) local (Celano-epicentre distance 7.5 km) earthquake, with mean recurrence time of 500 years; and (3) large (M=6.6) distant (Celano-epicentre distance 24 km) earthquake, with mean recurrence time of 980 years.The probabilistic and time-dependent approach to the definition of the “scenario earthquakes” changes clearly the results in comparison to traditional deterministic analysis, with effects in terms of engineering design and seismic risk reduction.     

Composition and distribution of seabed and suspended sediments in north and central Torres Strait,Australia

Widespread seagrass dieback in central Torres Strait, Australia has been anecdotally linked to the delivery of vast quantities of terrigenous sediments from New Guinea. The composition and distribution, and sedimentological and geochemical properties, of seabed and suspended sediments in north and central Torres Strait have been determined to investigate this issue. In northern Torres Strait, next to Saibai Island, seabed sediments comprise poorly sorted, muddy, mixed calcareous–siliciclastic sand. Seabed sediments in this region are dominated by aluminosilicate (terrigenous) phases. In central Torres Strait, next to Turnagain Island, seabed and suspended sediments comprise moderately sorted coarse to medium carbonate sand. Seabed sediments in this region are dominated by carbonate and magnesium (marine) phases. Mean Cu/Al ratios for seabed sediments next to Saibai Island are 0.01, and are similar to those found in New Guinea south coastal sediments by previous workers. Mean Cu/Al ratios for seabed sediments next to Turnagain Island are 0.02, indicating an enrichment of Cu in central Torres Strait. This enrichment comes from an exogenous biogenic source, principally from foraminifers and molluscs. We could not uniquely trace terrigenous sediments from New Guinea to Turnagain Island in central Torres Strait. If sediments are a factor in the widespread seagrass dieback in central Torres Strait, then our data suggest these are marine-derived sediments sourced from resuspension and advection from the immediate shelf areas and not terrigenous sediments dispersed from New Guinea rivers. This finding is consistent with outputs from recently developed regional hydrodynamic and sediment transport models.     

Evaluation of the water quality at Tahtali dam watershed in Izmir-Turkey by means of statistical methodology

Sustaining the human ecological benefits of surface water requires carefully planned strategies for reducing the cumulative risks posed by diverse human activities. Municipal governments in Izmir City play a key role in developing solutions to surface water management and protection. Therefore, several methodologies are carried out to develop new solutions for protecting available water resources. In the present study, the major chemical loads of surface water at the Tahtal? dam reservoir were evaluated statistically by using monthly averaged values of the measured parameters. Here, the SPSS and NCSS statistical programs were applied during the statistical analyses. Analyses were carried out in two stages. In the first part of the statistical analyses, the mean, median, minimum, maximum, 25th and 75th quartiles were calculated. In second part, the data were investigated by using statistical median test, normality test, parametric and non-parametric correlation and regression analyses. These methods were performed on water quality data taken from four sample sites representing the recharge and discharge areas at the Tahtal? dam. The Median test is applied to check if medians of water quality data from four sample sites (Derebo?az?, Bulgurca, Menderes and Gölcükler) are equal or not. Commonly a non-parametric test (distribution-free test) is used to compare two independent groups of sampled data. Since there are more than two groups in independent group comparison, Kruskal–Wallis test is applied instead of Mann–Whitney U test. Finally, the main objective of using statistical analyses in third research is to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution and its environmental impacts on the Tahtal? dam reservoir by means of statistical methodology.     

风电机组对测震台站观测影响的实验研究

为了在测震台址勘选中对规避风电机组这类新生的常见干扰源有定量参考依据,以减少盲目性,提高台址勘选效率,在野外开展了定量实验,取得了实地测试数据,并初步探讨了风电机组干扰源的振动衰减关系。研究认为,对于风电机组这类干扰源,测震基岩固定台站Ⅰ级环境地噪声水平的建议规避距离为800 m。