Well-balanced high-order centered schemes on unstructured meshes for shallow water equations with fixed and mobile bed

In this paper, we study the numerical approximation of the two-dimensional morphodynamic model governed by the shallow water equations and bed-load transport following a coupled solution strategy. The resulting system of governing equations contains non-conservative products and it is solved simultaneously within each time step. The numerical solution is obtained using a new high-order accurate centered scheme of the finite volume type on unstructured meshes, which is an extension of the one-dimensional PRICE-C scheme recently proposed in Canestrelli et al. (2009) [5]. The resulting first-order accurate centered method is then extended to high order of accuracy in space via a high order WENO reconstruction technique and in time via a local continuous space–time Galerkin predictor method. The scheme is applied to the shallow water equations and the well-balanced properties of the method are investigated. Finally, we apply the new scheme to different test cases with both fixed and movable bed. An attractive future of the proposed method is that it is particularly suitable for engineering applications since it allows practitioners to adopt the most suitable sediment transport formula which better fits the field data.     

高阶Runge-Kutta-Li算法对二维线性平流方程的计算检验

利用高阶Li空间微分方案(Li, 2005),实现了时间积分为3～6阶Runge-Kutta-Li(RKL)格式的求解算法。二维线性平流方程的试验结果表明:在计算稳定的条件下,各阶算法的计算误差随时间的推移基本上是线性增加的。非转动背景场的平流算例中（高斯型的初值）,高阶RKL算法可以取得较好的计算效果。与3、4、5、6阶RK算法配合的Li空间差分方案有效阶数可以达到5、7、9、10阶。RK 算法的阶数为5（6）阶时,总误差控制在10-7（10-8）以内。随RK阶数增加Li微分的有效阶数有增加趋势,且总误差逐渐减小。定常转速的背景场算例中（偏心的高斯型初值）,当RK阶数为3时,最优空间差分阶数为10;相应的阶数为4、5、6时对应的空间最优阶为16,22,22,总计算误差可以控制在10-15～10-16。随着精度的提高,误差的绝对值减小很迅速,说明算法是非常有效的。对于圆锥型初值（定常转速的背景场）,4、5、6阶RK算法和3阶算法的效果差不多。高阶算法对此类具有导数不连续点的算例,效果不如高斯初始场好,结果不能保持正定,有些地方误差出现下冲和上翘。随着空间差分精度的提高,非正定的解数量和数值减小,误差的绝对值减小,说明了算法在一定程度上是有效的,但并不适合追求极高的算法阶数。这与谱方法中的导数不连续问题有些相似,误差的产生主要源于导数的不连续性,差分类方法仅能获得与导数连续性阶数相当的算法精度。各种算例中,采用恰当的边界条件是必要的,例如旋转背景场算例,比较适合使用无穷远边界条件,否则会出现计算不稳定或无法将计算误差控制到较小的范围内。