高密度电法在某公路路基下隐伏岩溶探测中的应用

灰岩分布区易发生岩溶塌陷等地质灾害,高密度电阻率法是岩溶地质调查的重要手段。以某一段穿越岩溶发育区的公路为例,应用高密度电法对区内暗河、槽谷型岩溶塘、落水洞等灾害地质体进行了探测,结果显示拟建路段覆盖层厚度大约为2~20 m,基岩内岩溶极发育,岩石地表起伏大,溶沟、溶槽、岩溶塌陷、落水洞发育;岩石中溶蚀裂隙、溶洞发育。表明高密度电阻率法能够有效地判定岩溶的发育情况,可以为地质灾害评估提供科学客观的依据。     

MSCTA容积重建在非增生性脑血管畸形诊断中的价值

目的:采用多排螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)三维容积重建脑内血管,评价其在非增生性、畸形性脑内血管疾病诊疗中的价值。方法:回顾我院2010年5月～2012年5月明确诊断的非增生性脑血管畸形患者148例,进行多排螺旋CT脑血管成像、容积重建脑内畸形血管,并和DSA、手术结果对照分析。结果:148例患者中发现动脉瘤102例;动静脉分流型畸型31例;静脉型血管畸形10例;海绵状血管瘤4例;毛细血管扩张症1例。148例非增生性脑血管畸形中,有130例脑血管畸形MSCTA表现和DSA及手术结果相符,MSCTA对脑血管畸形检出的准确性为87.8%。结论:MSCTA是明确诊断非增生性脑血管畸形的简单、有效、无创的首选检查方法,MSCTA容积重建对非增生性脑血管畸形的检出具有较高的价值。     

基于ARM7的嵌入式三维电阻率采集子站的设计研究

提出了一种基于ARM7的嵌入式三维电阻率采集子站设计方法,采用24位A/D转换器（ADS1258）和ARM7微处理器（LPC2378）,使三维电阻率法数据采集系统具有体积小、功耗低、成本低、精度高等特点,同时实现μC/OSⅡ操作系统在ARM的移植,为数据采集的实时性提供可能。     

高密度电阻率成像法在水文地质领域中的应用

高密度电阻率成像法(ERT)作为一种高效、准确的地球物理探测手段,在水文地质领域得到了广泛的应用。本文通过文献追踪和分析,重点讨论了电阻率与含水率、渗透系数、含盐量等水文地质表征参数之间的相关性,并就该方法在地下水资源勘查、溶质运移动态监测以及水文地质参数反演等方面的应用进行了剖析,阐述了ERT探测过程中的主要影响因素及各因素之间的相互关系。最后,针对ERT方法在应用过程中存在的问题提出相应的改进建议。     

Tropospheric Wet Refractivity Tomography Based on the BeiDou Satellite System简

This paper presents a novel approach for assessing the precision of the wet refractivity field using BDS （BeiDou navigation satellite system） simulations only,GPS,and BDS＋GPS for the Shenzhen and Hongkong GNSS network.The simulations are carried out by adding artificial noise to a real observation dataset.Instead of using the δ and σ parameters computed from slant wet delay,as in previous studies,we employ the Bias and RMS parameters,computed from the tomography results of total voxels,in order to obtain a more direct and comprehensive evaluation of the precision of the refractivity field determination.The results show that：（1） the precision of tropospheric wet refractivity estimated using BDS alone （only 9 satellites used） is basically comparable to that of GPS; （2） BDS＋GPS （as of current operation） may not be able to significantly improve the data＇s spatial density for the application of refractivity tomography; and （3） any slight increase in the precision of refractivity tomography,particularly in the lower atmosphere,bears great significance for any applications dependent on the Chinese operational meteorological service.     

岩溶峰丛洼地勘察方法研究

以桂林市郊区某变电站工程为例,在地面调查、钻探及高密度电法测试的基础上,分析了峰丛洼地的岩溶发育特征。强调了地面调查在岩溶勘察中的重要性。     

高密度电法在探测隐伏断裂带中的应用

本文介绍了高密度电法的原理及工作方法,并应用高密度电法对龙门山断裂区的隐伏断裂带进行了勘测。实验结果表明了高密度电法,是探测隐伏断裂带的行之有效的方法。     

Seismic structure of the Helan–Liupan–Ordos western margin tectonic belt in North-Central China and its geodynamic implications

We study high-resolution three-dimensional P-wave velocity (Vp) tomography and anisotropic structure of the crust and uppermost mantle under the Helan–Liupan–Ordos western margin tectonic belt in North-Central China using 13,506 high-quality P-wave arrival times from 2666 local earthquakes recorded by 87 seismic stations during 1980–2008. Our results show that prominent low-velocity (low-V) anomalies exist widely in the lower crust beneath the study region and the low-V zones extend to the uppermost mantle in some local areas, suggesting that the lower crust contains higher-temperature materials and fluids. The major fault zones, especially the large boundary faults of major tectonic units, are located at the edge portion of the low-V anomalies or transition zones between the low-V and high-V anomalies in the upper crust, whereas low-V anomalies are revealed in the lower crust under most of the faults. Most of large historical earthquakes are located in the boundary zones where P-wave velocity changes drastically in a short distance. Beneath the source zones of most of the large historical earthquakes, prominent low-V anomalies are visible in the lower crust. Significant P-wave azimuthal anisotropy is revealed in the study region, and the pattern of anisotropy in the upper crust is consistent with the surface geologic features. In the lower crust and uppermost mantle, the predominant fast velocity direction (FVD) is NNE–SSW under the Yinchuan Graben and NWW–SEE or NW–SE beneath the Corridor transitional zone, Qilian Orogenic Belt and Western Qinling Orogenic Belt, and the FVD is NE–SW under the eastern Qilian Orogenic Belt. The anisotropy in the lower crust may be caused by the lattice-preferred orientation of minerals, which may reflect the lower-crustal ductile flow with varied directions. The present results shed new light on the seismotectonics and geodynamic processes of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and its northeastern margin.     

Lithospheric structure beneath the East China Sea revealed by Rayleigh-wave phase velocities

We explore the variations of Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity beneath the East China Sea in a broad period range (5–200 s). Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves are measured by the two-station technique for a total of 373 interstation paths using vertical-component broad-band waveforms at 32 seismic stations around the East China Sea from 6891 global earthquakes.The resulting maps of Rayleigh-wave phase velocity and azimuthal anisotropy provide a high resolution model of the lithospheric mantle beneath the East China Sea. The model exhibits four regions with different isotropic and anisotropic patterns: the Bohai Sea, belonging to the North China Craton, displays a continental signature with fast velocities at short periods; the Yellow Sea, very stable unit associated with low deformation, exhibits fast velocities and limited anisotropy; the southern part of the East China Sea, with high deformation and many fractures and faults, is related to slow velocities and high anisotropic signature; and the Ryukyu Trench shows high-velocity perturbations and slab parallel anisotropy.     

基于最小支持的2.5维直流电阻率正则化反演研究

地球物理反问题存在多解性和不稳定性,正则化是得到稳定解的重要手段之一,正则化方法中稳定因子的设计与正则化因子的选择是两项重要研究内容。稳定因子的主要功能是对模型的解空间进行限制,以减少多解性,求得稳定解;为更好的定位地下目标体,研究工作采用了最小支持稳定因子,并给出了统一表达形式。正则化因子在模型误差与数据误差之间起到平衡作用,研究工作在＂L曲线法＂自动选取正则化因子的基础上,提出一种修正的计算正则化因子算法。以2.5维直流电阻率为例,运用非线性共轭梯度法,进行了试算研究,结果表明了修正的＂L曲线法＂算法快速、稳定,最小支持稳定因子具有较好的聚焦特性,有利于实现陡变边界反演。