唐山滦县震区的三维地震透射研究──中、上地壳速度层析成像

利用布设在唐山滦县震区３０ｋｍ×４０ｋｍ范围内的由８８台数字和模拟地震仪组成的临时台阵，接收来自不同方向６个炮点激发产生的莫霍界面反射波走时，重建了台阵下１-９ｋｍ深度的Ｐ，Ｓ波速度和Ｖ_ｐ／Ｖ_ｓ图像．结果表明。中、上地壳结构存在明显的横向不均匀性．北北东走向的滦县-卢龙断裂自地表向下至少延伸到８ｋｍ深度处，并向北西方向倾斜．中、上地壳存在着近东西向的低速异常条带．这两组构造控制着该区的地震活动．     

岩样中包体构造的CT实验探测

CT技术图象重建方法可分为变换法和代数法两大类。本文讨论了几种代数重建法的特点,开展了地球物理CT技术在岩石实验中应用的探讨性工作。研究表明,实验数据的测量误差直接影响着反演结果,当测量误差比较大时,即使数据量很大,也难以提高反演结果的分辨。岩样的吸收、换能器与样品的耦合、岩样均匀性等因素对实验数据的测量精度都有着重要的影响。文中还针对实验条件进行了数值模拟,以检验本方案的可行性,并对当前流行的BPT、ART和SIRT算法及其组合算法的成象能力结合本实验的条件进行了性能的比较。结果表明:BPT方法计算简单,但所给出的图象偏粗糙,特别是在井间观测时水平方向的分辨率较差;ART方法收敛速度快,图象的反差大,反演结果的高频成分比较丰富,但边界异常大;SIRT方法收敛速度慢,图象的低频比较好,结构平滑,边界异常小,反演受测量误差的影响比较小。综合了ART和SIRT两种反演方法特点的ART-SIRT联合反演方法比较理想,发挥出了各自的长处。     

渭河断陷及邻近地区莫霍界面速度图象

根据陕西省及邻省地震台网的地震记录，利用地震及工矿爆破的首波走时，采用地震层析技术，重建了渭河断陷及邻近地区的莫霍界面速度图象。并对速度横向不均匀性及其与地质构造、地震活动的关系进行了探讨     

Study on electric variations of media in epicentral area by geomagnetic transfer functions

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｍｅｄｉａｉｎｅｐｉｃｅｎｔｒａｌａｒｅａｂｙｇｅｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒａｎｓｆｅｒｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓＸｉａｏ－ＰｉｎｇＺＥＮＧ；（曾小苹）Ｙｕｎ－ＦａｎｇＬＩＮＩ；（林云芳）Ｚｈｏｎｇ－ＪｉｅＺＨ...     

利用地震层析成象技术确定横向非均匀介质中的速度分布和界面位置

本文提出一种横向非均匀介质中的地震层析成象方法，由地震走时资料确定介质的速度分布和界面位置。计算中采用了参数分离、变阻尼、奇异值分解等技术，方程的解较稳定，且可得到解的分办。除反射波外，该方法还可同时利用分析波的资料。因此，适宜于折射及宽角度反射地震测深剖面的资料处理。数字试验结果表明，在模型内部，该方法能得到可靠的反演结果。在边界附近效果较差，受初始值影响较大。     

璜山金矿找矿模式及应用

诸暨璜山金矿是除治岭头以外浙江省第二金矿,它的找矿模式为"三高两低一复合"的找矿模式,即高金晕、高极化率、高磁场跳跃、低电阻率、低电位和北东断裂与北东东断裂复合处是成矿最有利部位.在其附近仍有类似成矿部位,有望扩大远景.     

Three-dimensional petrographical investigations on borehole rock samples: a comparison between X-ray computed- and neutron tomography

Technical difficulties associated with excavation works in tectonized geological settings are frequent. They comprise instantaneous and/or delayed convergence, sudden collapse of gallery roof and/or walls, outpouring of fault-filling materials and water inflows. These phenomena have a negative impact on construction sites and their safety. In order to optimize project success, preliminary studies on the reliability of rock material found on site are needed. This implies in situ investigations (surface mapping, prospective drilling, waterflow survey, etc.) as well as laboratory investigations on rock samples (permeability determination, moisture and water content, mineralogy, petrography, geochemistry, mechanical deformation tests, etc.). A set of multiple parameters are then recorded which permit better insight on site conditions and probable behavior during excavation. Because rock formations are by nature heterogeneous, many uncertainties remain when extrapolating large-scale behavior of the rock mass from analyses of samples order of magnitudes smaller. Indirect large-scale field investigations (e.g. geophysical prospecting) could help to better constrain the relationships between lithologies at depth. At a much smaller scale, indirect analytical methods are becoming more widely used for material investigations. We discuss in this paper X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) and neutron tomography (NT), showing promising results for 3D petrographical investigations of the internal structure of opaque materials. Both techniques record contrasts inside a sample, which can be interpreted and quantified in terms of heterogeneity. This approach has the advantage of combining genetic parameters (physico-chemical rock composition) with geometric parameters resulting from alteration or deformation processes (texture and structure). A critical analysis of such 3D analyses together with the results of mechanical tests could improve predictions of short- and long-term behavior of a rock unit. Indirect methods have the advantage of being non-destructive. However, as it is the case with large-scale geophysical surveying, XRCT and NT are affected by several error factors inherent to the interaction of a radiation modality (X-ray or neutron beam) with the atomic structure of the investigated materials. Recorded signals are therefore in particular cases not artifact-free and need to be corrected in a subsequent stage of data processing.     

Whole mantle SH velocity model constrained by waveform inversion based on three-dimensional Born kernels

A whole mantle SH velocity model is obtained by using a unique data set and techniques. Body and surface waveforms including major and multi-orbit phases are used as a data set and are inverted by using 3-D Born kernels. The resultant model, SH18CE, reveals the different natures of the two major upwelling systems: the strong low velocity anomalies beneath Africa extend for more than 1000 km from the core–mantle boundary (CMB), whereas those beneath the Pacific are restricted to 300–400 km from the CMB. The results also show the variable natures of stagnant slabs on the 670 discontinuity around Japan: the depths of the strongest high velocity anomalies within the stagnant slabs are different region by region, which is consistent with the detailed delay time tomography model in this area.     

Lithology-derived structure classification from the joint interpretation of magnetotelluric and seismic models

Magnetotelluric and seismic methods provide complementary information about the resistivity and velocity structure of the subsurface on similar scales and resolutions. No global relation, however, exists between these parameters, and correlations are often valid for only a limited target area. Independently derived inverse models from these methods can be combined using a classification approach to map geologic structure. The method employed is based solely on the statistical correlation of physical properties in a joint parameter space and is independent of theoretical or empirical relations linking electrical and seismic parameters. Regions of high correlation (classes) between resistivity and velocity can in turn be mapped back and re-examined in depth section. The spatial distribution of these classes, and the boundaries between them, provide structural information not evident in the individual models. This method is applied to a 10 km long profile crossing the Dead Sea Transform in Jordan. Several prominent classes are identified with specific lithologies in accordance with local geology. An abrupt change in lithology across the fault, together with vertical uplift of the basement suggest the fault is sub-vertical within the upper crust.