鄂尔多斯盆地东部热力作用的期次和特点

盆地深部由于地球内蕴藏的巨大热源和岩石圈放射性元素蜕变热构成的热能,可通过多种热传导方式释放,如岩浆类热流物质向地壳浅部或近地表上部传递热力形成地热异常和热力作用。鄂尔多斯盆地东部晋西挠褶带热力作用发育具有与华北板块早白垩世发生的重要构造转换和岩石圈减薄事件等背景相关,深部岩浆侵入和热力作用事件的发生可使该区地下深处形成许多隐伏的中深成侵入岩或浅成-喷发相岩体及其伴随的热力构造。早白垩世这次强烈的构造热力变动伴有盆地东翼大面积的抬升隆起、吕梁断隆带的翘倾、离石断裂带和晋西挠褶带及西倾大斜坡的形成。以紫金山碱性杂岩体为代表的岩浆热力作用表现为一个多期形成的岩筒、岩床状碱性侵入体,地球化学特点是富碱、Fe,贫Mg;稀土元素含量高,无Eu异常;表现出岩浆侵入有明显的两组方向和多期多阶段侵入或喷发,可侵入到二叠纪—三叠纪地层中。盆地东部火成岩同位素测年数据统计岩浆-热力作用高峰期在110～150Ma。挑选紫金山碱性杂岩体3件单颗粒锆石样数百粒,进行U-Pb同位素SHRIMP测年,其中17组锆石样年龄在125～132Ma,相当于早白垩世。与华北地区早白垩世较普遍的构造热事件具有一致性。此外,还发现有早期(石炭纪—二叠纪)岩浆热力作用事件。构造演化分析显示多期多阶段热力作用特点。鄂尔多斯盆地东部热力作用对盆地油气煤铀多种能源成矿成藏富集研究与勘探评价具有重要意义。     

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.     

新疆第四纪盐类矿产的形成和控制因素——兼论“高山深盆”成盐模式

根据袁见齐教授“高山深盆”成盐模式,探讨新疆天山对第四纪盐类矿床的形成和控制作用,阐述了天山地貌、气候、水文特征与盐类矿产的分布规律和特征。认为“高山深盆”并非一定是四周环山的深盆,可以是某一高山与其间深盆或两侧盆地的有机组合。高山的屏障作用造成了垂直的气候分带,在潮湿多雨的山区利于成盐组份的析出并迁移到干旱少雨的闭流深盆中,形成盐类矿床。     

新疆西天山艾肯达坂火山机体与成矿

艾肯达坂一带火山机体位于伊犁石炭一二叠纪裂谷阿吾拉勒二叠纪火山岩带东段,在航卫片表现为较明显的环形构造。艾肯达坂火山穹窿构造保留较完整,地层层面和流动构造呈现以次安山岩为中心,向周边倾斜,倾角平缓稳定,大多小于３０℃,火山岩相较完整,集块岩、火山角砾岩、熔岩待发育,火山岩以钙碱性系列为主,形成环境为造山带,时代确定为早二叠世早期。艾肯达坂铜银矿及３个铜矿点均受艾肯达坂火山穹窿的环状断裂和放射断裂及     

Diagenetic formation of gypsum and dolomite in a cold‐water coral mound in the Porcupine Seabight,off Ireland

Authigenic gypsum was found in a gravity core, retrieved from the top of Mound Perseverance, a giant cold‐water coral mound in the Porcupine Basin, off Ireland. The occurrence of gypsum in such an environment is intriguing, because gypsum, a classic evaporitic mineral, is undersaturated with respect to sea water. Sedimentological, petrographic and isotopic evidence point to diagenetic formation of the gypsum, tied to oxidation of sedimentary sulphide minerals (i.e. pyrite). This oxidation is attributed to a phase of increased bottom currents which caused erosion and enhanced inflow of oxidizing fluids into the mound sediments. The oxidation of pyrite produced acidity, causing carbonate dissolution and subsequently leading to pore‐water oversaturation with respect to gypsum and dolomite. Calculations based on the isotopic compositions of gypsum and pyrite reveal that between 21·6% and 28·6% of the sulphate incorporated into the gypsum derived from pyrite oxidation. The dissolution of carbonate increased the porosity in the affected sediment layer but promoted lithification of the sediments at the sediment‐water interface. Thus, authigenic gypsum can serve as a signature for diagenetic oxidation events in carbonate‐rich sediments. These observations demonstrate that fluid flow, steered by environmental factors, has an important effect on the diagenesis of coral mounds.     

尤溪地区侏罗系梨山组沉积岩沉积环境分析

本文在１：５万尤溪县等四幅区域调研工作的基础上，就本区广泛分布的梨山组沉积岩的沉积环境。通过沉积地层的基本层序划分、地方性剖面模式层序的建立及采用相分析，划分出辫状河及交织河沉积。辫状河积的河道宽、深化值大、沙滩及坝形成侧向连续的带状砂体。细粒沉积薄而少，多呈不连续状，构成“砂包泥”的宏观特征，交织河流具低梯度、低弯度、快速填积的低能及广阔的洪泛盆地，河道沉积的砂体在侧向上包含于细粒沉积物中，由于     

柞水原划泥盆系中发现早前寒武纪变质岩系

本文阐述了作者在1：5万区调填图中,从柞水地区商丹断裂带南侧原划泥盆系刘岭群桐峪寺组中解体出前寒武纪中深变质岩系,取得了同位素全岩Sm－Nd年龄平均值2499．83Ma的数据,这对研究秦岭造山带的演化具有重要的地质意义。     

遥感技术在南盘江地区油气烃类检测中的应用

应用陆地卫星 TM 资料对南盘江地区进行了烃类微渗漏蚀变信息检测研究。岩石土壤地球化学特征分析表明,该区不同程度地存在着“褪红”、“粘土矿化”、“碳酸盐矿化”等烃类蚀变异常现象。选择 FeO/Fe_2O_3作为褪红的成分因子;(K_2O+Na_2O+Al_2O_3)、(K_2O+Na_2O)/Al_2O_3、(K_2O+Na_2O+Al_2O_3)/S∶O_2和 K_2O/Na_2O 等作为粘土矿化的成分因子;CaO+MgO 和 CaO/MgO 作为碳酸盐矿化的成分因子。利用 TM1/TM3、TM1/TM4识别褪红蚀变信息,TM5/TM7、TM5/TM4用干识别粘土矿化和碳酸盐矿化蚀变信息。建立了地球化学—光谱—遥感图像三位一体的遥感找油气模式,根据油气遥感色调异常对南盘江地区进行了评价和分类。     

黑龙江嘉荫地区白垩纪-第三纪界线初步观察

本文报道了黑龙江嘉荫白山头地区一条新的地层剖面及其K／T界线的初步研究。新命名的“白山头段”代表乌云组下部的早古新世地层,含以Tiliaephyllum tsagajanicum等为代表的达宁早期植物化石。在白山头剖面上,作者发现可能为白垩纪末期的凝灰岩。结合与俄罗斯布列亚盆地含K／T界线的查加扬群标准剖面的对比,推测嘉荫地区的K／T界线可能位于白山头段底部与上述凝灰岩之上的一层炭质泥岩之间。     

附有约束条件的最小二乘影像匹配及其在交通事故中的应用

影像匹配技术在图像处理与计算机视觉中有着非常重要的作用。最小二乘影像匹配方法是常用的匹配方法之一。本文简单介绍了目前影像匹配的几种方法及其优缺点，探讨了数字相机的检校原理与方法。重点介绍附有约束条件的最小二乘影像匹配的原理及匹配过程，结合交通事故处理的实例，论证了该方法的可行性。与传统方法相比，在测量精度、自动化程度以及数据三维可视化等方面具有明显优势。