青藏公路路堤边坡产流产沙规律及影响因素分析

公路建设引起的人为加速侵蚀对生态环境造成很大影响,为摸清道路边坡的侵蚀规律,在青藏公路边坡布设了自然径流观测小区,降雨过后进行采样,获得径流深和侵蚀模数数据。对所得数据整理分析表明:(1)次径流深、次侵蚀模数与降雨量和降雨强度的乘积有很好的线性相关,相关系数分别为0.802和0.554。次径流深与次侵蚀模数之间的相关系数达到0.771;(2)产流产沙随坡长增加有减少的趋势,但其规律还有待进一步研究;(3)随着时间的推移,产流产沙有所下降,小区坡面的干扰得到了恢复,因此,时间是公路边坡水土流失的重要影响因素;(4)公路边坡的年侵蚀模数,包括降雨侵蚀和冻融侵蚀,共计11991.41 t/km²,属于极强度侵蚀。     

控制铜绿山古矿冶遗址地面加剧变形的应急对策

铜绿山古矿冶遗址2006年下半年地面开始变形,形成三号路滑坡、草坪速凝剂厂沉陷、博物馆不均匀沉降三个变形区。地面变形过程具有拉张开裂、沉降下陷和顺时扭转三大力学特点,裂缝分布遵循与所在西边坡平行、向临空面倾斜、近坡密远坡疏三项变形规律,是遗址西边坡侧向扩张、发生右旋式倾斜所致,其主要原因是遗址西侧矿坑长期露天和井下开采生产降低边坡稳定性在爆破震动和坡顶加载作用下引起。通过查找原因,采取了监测巡视、暂停采矿、打击盗采、宣传教育、削方减载等多项软硬应急对策,暂时控制了地面加剧变形的态势。     

准噶尔盆地岩石品质因子与速度分析

为研究准噶尔盆地南缘地区地层中地震波的衰减机制及该区地震波传播、衰减规律，采用实验室测定的方法，对该区岩石的吸收特笥进行了测试和研究。根据实验观测结果，该区地震波速度与介质品质因子具有较好的对数线性关系；该区品质因子受岩石所处环境条件及岩石性质的影响比较大，其中岩石饱和度和介质所受的应力大小对品质因子的影响尤为突出。     

高含水量软土地基水泥土桩成桩质量试验研究

针对淮盐高速公路淮安段高含水量软土地基的工程地质特性，依据设计文件进行水泥土搅拌桩成桩质量的现场试验研究，提出采用增强剂(石膏)和减水剂(木钙)作为水泥土搅拌桩的外加剂，以保证水泥土桩的成桩质量。提出了保证成桩质量的控制管理措施。     

ROCK-SURFACE TEMPERATURES OF BASALT IN THE DRAKENSBERG ALPINE ENVIRONMENT, LESOTHO

Rock temperature data are presented for a variety of topographic localities at a high Drakensberg site. The objective is to investigate the spatiotemporal variations of surface rock temperatures in high Drakensberg basalt. The temperature results are then used to discuss possible implications for thermal stress fatigue and frost‐induced weathering. Tinytalk? data loggers and probes were used for rock‐surface temperature recording. Long‐term measurements were recorded over 12 months from May 2002 to April 2003, at a 1‐hour logging interval and rock depth of 1 cm for a highaltitude (3300 m a.s.l.) interfluve and fracture site. Whilst the north‐facing rock surface experiences negligible hours below ?3°C, the south‐facing rock surface and interfluve sites are subjected to considerable periods below ?3°C, which falls within the ‘frost cracking window’. It is concluded that the substantial contrasts of recorded rock thermal parameters over small spatial scales between various topographic settings, highlight that site‐specific measurements across the broader scale are required for an adequate evaluation of regional weathering and its associated landform development.     

黄河三角洲土壤氯离子空间变异特征及其控制因素

为了解黄河三角洲地区土壤盐渍化发生与发展的主要控制因素,通过采集土壤样品及潜水样,运用地统计学等方法,分析样品中优势离子Cl^-含量的空间分布特征及成因。结果表明:① 土壤Cl^-含量与潜水Cl^-质量浓度的空间分布表现出高度的相似性和相关性。② 潜水借助包气带自身的水势梯度或植物蒸腾作用向土壤输送水分,进而控制着土壤Cl^-的空间分布与变异。③ 地形地貌通过对水、气、热的再分配控制着包气带土层中Cl^-的迁移方向和富集区域。水文地质条件是对区域"饱和带-包气带"盐分迁移富集起决定作用的内部因素,而地形地貌条件是起控制作用的外部因素。     

The paleolimnological analysis of sediments from high mountain lake Nižné Terianske pleso in the High Tatras (Slovakia)

Sedimentological climate proxies and a 200-year long climate record, reconstructed using a data-set of European-wide meteorological data, have been compared at the high mountain lake Niné Terianske pleso in the High Tatras, Slovakia. Diatoms, chrysophyte stomatocysts, chironomids, plant pigments and spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs) were analysed as well as sediment lithostratigraphic parameters. Using a radiometric approach the sediment core was dated and a depth of 4.6 cm was found to correspond to 1852 AD. The sediment accumulation rate (0.0034 g·cm^–2·yr^–1) was one of the lowest identified in the European mountain lake project, MOLAR. Despite this slow accumulation rate a remarkably coherent lithological and stratigraphic record has been recovered. The sediments of this remote mountain site, largely free from the effects of direct human impact, have been found to display a wealth of variability over the last 200 years.The record of spheroidal carbonaceous particles, indicators of anthropogenic pollution deposition, begins around 4.5–5.0 cm in depth (1833–1857). Temporal patterns are typical of European lake sites with the concentration peaking in the late 1970's. The SCP/²¹⁰Pb inventory ratio for the site is also in good agreement with the European latitudinal pattern. A strong influence of sample age on the chrysophyte assemblage composition in the upper-most 4–6 cm indicates that the main changes in the cysts have been related to long term environmental changes, probably pH. Analysis of chironomid remains revealed a stable profundal community. Chironomids as a whole showed no correlations to temperature fluctuations in the last 200 years. Relatively abundant remains of Diamesa sp. head capsules and other taxa closely associated with stream conditions in the older layers contrast with the absence of Diamesa sp. in the recent sediments. This change is considered to be evidence for the existence of a stronger, more stable inlet supplied from permanent granular snow fields in the lake basin. The most important changes in diatom assemblages were observed at 3cm. Many species of the genus Achnanthes spp. together with Navicula schmassmannii and Orthoseira roeseana made up the greatest part of the diatom community above 3 cm, being absent or rare lower in the record. A positive correlation between diatoms and mean summer temperature was found.     

岩体声发射监测在马步坎高边坡岩体稳定研究中的应用

简要阐述岩体声发身监测的基本原理,监测仪器与技术,及其在金沙江向家坝水电站马步坎高边坡岩体稳定研究中的应用情况,认为岩体声发射监测是研究边坡岩体稳定性的一种有效手段。     

GSM-18型高精度磁力仪在寻找隐伏金伯利岩管中的应用及效果

ＧＳＭ－１８型高精度磁力仪用于地质找矿已受到普遍关注和重视，特别是应用于覆盖区金刚石地质找矿、区分中低磁性异常具有高灵敏度、高分辩率特点。目前复县地区很难再发现地表裸露的金刚石原生矿，寻找隐伏金刚石原生矿已成为重要的研究课题。１１０号金伯利岩管的发现就是由于注重了对原始资料二次开发及综合信息提取研究工作，利用高精度磁力仪，采用新技术方法及不断结合传统的地质找矿方法，取得的较好的地质找矿成果的。     

地球物理方法在章丘粘土矿采空区探测中的应用与方法对比

在山东章丘地区由于粘土矿长期开采形成了较大面积的采空区,不仅危害着工农业正常生产而且一定程度地制约着当地的经济发展,因此准确探测采空区尤为重要。通过高密度电法几种装置ρa等值线断面图对粘土矿采空区低阻异常特征的比较,证明施贝与三极装置结合可较好地反映采空区的位置;CSAMTρa等值线拟断面图低阻异常形态能较好的反映出采空区的大致空间形态。高密度电法与CSAMT法的有机结合极大地增加了探测粘土矿采空区的准确性和可靠程度,是地质灾害调查与治理首选的物探方法组合之一。