Convective stability analysis of the long-term storage of carbon dioxide in deep saline aquifers

Deep saline aquifers are one of the most suitable geologic formations for carbon sequestration. The linear and global stability analysis of the time-dependent density-driven convection in deep saline aquifers is presented for long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂). The convective mixing that can greatly accelerate the CO₂ dissolution into saline aquifers arises because the density of brine increases upon the dissolution of CO₂ and such a density difference may induce instability. The effects of anisotropic permeability on the stability criteria, such as the critical time for the appearance of convective phenomena and the critical wavelength of the most unstable perturbation, are investigated with linear and global stability analysis. The linear stability analysis provides a sufficient condition for instability while the global stability analysis yields a sufficient condition for stability. The results obtained from these two approaches are not exactly the same but show a consistent trend, both indicating that the anisotropic system becomes more unstable when either the vertical or horizontal permeability increases.     

Frequency‐domain acoustic‐elastic coupled waveform inversion using the Gauss‐Newton conjugate gradient method

We developed a frequency‐domain acoustic‐elastic coupled waveform inversion based on the Gauss‐Newton conjugate gradient method. Despite the use of a high‐performance computer system and a state‐of‐the‐art parallel computation algorithm, it remained computationally prohibitive to calculate the approximate Hessian explicitly for a large‐scale inverse problem. Therefore, we adopted the conjugate gradient least‐squares algorithm, which is frequently used for geophysical inverse problems, to implement the Gauss‐Newton method so that the approximate Hessian is calculated implicitly. Thus, there was no need to store the Hessian matrix. By simultaneously back‐propagating multi‐components consisting of the pressure and displacements, we could efficiently extract information on the subsurface structures. To verify our algorithm, we applied it to synthetic data sets generated from the Marmousi‐2 model and the modified SEG/EAGE salt model. We also extended our algorithm to the ocean‐bottom cable environment and verified it using ocean‐bottom cable data generated from the Marmousi‐2 model. With the assumption of a hard seafloor, we recovered both the P‐wave velocity of complicated subsurface structures as well as the S‐wave velocity. Although the inversion of the S‐wave velocity is not feasible for the high Poisson's ratios used to simulate a soft seafloor, several strategies exist to treat this problem. Our example using multi‐component data showed some promise in mitigating the soft seafloor effect. However, this issue still remains open.     

大厚度饱和砂土液化治理试验研究

饱和砂土液化地基治理是工程建设中面临的一大难题。某拟建电厂工程针对大厚度的饱和砂土液化地基,通过采用大直径振冲碎石桩复合地基的处理方法,开展了大厚度饱和砂土液化地基治理的现场试验研究。试桩施工结束后,通过采用载荷试验、超重型动力触探试验等原位测试方法,对桩间土、桩体及复合地基的承载性能、变形参数及液化处理效果进行了评价和分析,取得了大量可靠的试验数据,对类似工程具有一定的参考价值     

多孔介质中含均相/非均相反应传质过程数值模拟

结合化学反应方程式,并应用多孔多相介质溶混污染物输运过程的数值模型,对多孔多相介质中含均相/非均相化学反应传质过程进行了数值模拟。化学反应主要包含均相快速/慢速和非均相快速/慢速等5种化学反应过程,溶质输运行为的控制机制主要考虑对流、扩散及降解、吸附等。基于原有的隐式特征线Galerkin离散化的有限元方法,求解模型控制方程的边值初值问题,求解过程中把均相化学反应物质中按照反应物和生成物分开,非均相反应物质按照固相和液相分开,对均相反应物及非均相液相物质浓度耦合求解,而均相生成物和非均相固相物质独立求解。使方程组按照其不同类型进行分类,同时可减少未知数的个数。对于含有非线性内状态变量的右端项进行迭代求解。数值例题结果验证了所提出的数值方法的有效性、计算精度和稳定性。     

融合多模态特征的社会多媒体谣言检测技术研究

以微博为代表的社会媒体的蓬勃发展在加速信息交流的同时,也促使虚假谣言信息迅速在社会网络上传播,造成严重的后果.自动谣言检测问题受到了国内外学术界、产业界的广泛关注.围绕社会多媒体谣言检测这一问题,本文总结了融合多模态特征的谣言检测相关技术.首先从基本概念出发,阐述了谣言的定义和社会多媒体的特点,给出了社会多媒体谣言检测问题的定义.针对谣言检测面临的多模态特征抽取和模型构建两大难点,分别总结和归纳了各种类型的特征及其提取方法和不同的机器学习检测模型.这些特征和算法是检测谣言的基本手段,也是接下来研究的基础,可为进一步谣言检测的研究提供参考.     

Why asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can lead to a sharp dissolution front in chemical dissolution of porous rocks?

The use of the asymptotic limit can greatly simplify the theoretical analysis of chemical dissolution front instabilities in fluid‐saturated rocks and therefore make it possible to obtain mathematical solutions, which often play a crucial role in understanding the propagation behavior of chemical dissolution fronts in chemical dissolution systems. However, there has been a debate in recent years that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity (i.e., the acid dissolution capacity number approaching zero) alone cannot lead to a sharp dissolution front of the Stefan type in the acidization dissolution system, in which the dissolvable minerals of carbonate rocks are chemically dissolved by the injected acid flow. The acid dissolution capacity number is commonly defined as the ratio of the volume of the carbonate rock dissolved by an acid to that of the acid. In this paper, we use four different proof methods, including (i) direct use of the fundamental concepts; (ii) use of the mathematical governing equations of an acidization dissolution system; (iii) use of the different time scaling approach; and (iv) use of a moving coordinate system approach, to demonstrate that the asymptotic limit of the acid dissolution capacity can indeed lead to sharp dissolution fronts of the Stefan type in acidization dissolution systems on a much larger time scale (than the dissolution time scale). Our new finding is that on the reaction time scale, the condition of the conventional time derivative of porosity approaching zero alone can ensure that the acidization dissolution front has a sharp shape of the Stefan type. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水与流体饱和孔隙介质界面上非镜面反射声场的实验研究

用光学法和发射-接收法研究了水与流体饱和孔隙介质界面上声波的非镜面反射声场．测量了入射角θ_i为16°－80°范围内的反射系数R，记录了θ_i在Rayleigh波临界角θ_c附近±4°范围内两束反射波的反射角、波束位移△、波形和频谱．实验发现：(1)在θ_c附近±4°范围内，观察到θ_i两束反射波A和B，其中波束B沿界面有波束位移△，实验测出△随θ_i增大而减小，并非在θ_i=θ_c时最大．(2)反射角等于θ_i的波束的频谱很接近于入射波的频谱，反射角等于θ_c的波束的频谱相对于入射波有频谱的负偏移．(3)波束A的相位与发射换能器直达波的相位一致，波束B的相位与波束A相反     

Rayleigh波的频散方程高频近似分解和多模式激发数目

对于在Rayleigh波勘探中经常提取到的多模式频散曲线,如何在理论上对其特征进行描述是一个很有意义的问题. 本文根据Rayeigh波频散方程中传递矩阵具有的高频近似特征,提出了传递矩阵的高频近似分解公式,据此导出了频散方程的高频近似分解公式,并在此基础上,定义了Rayleigh波的4种基本模式(R模、S模、R型周期模和S型周期模). 根据频散方程具有的周期性特征,给出了周期模频散曲线之间的平均间隔近似公式,以及在任意频率和相速度段内频散方程根的数目（即多模式的激发数目）的预测公式. 在这些结果的基础上,本文最后提出了频散方程数值搜根的一种新方法.     

离心力场中微型土压力传感器非线性响应分析

为掌握离心力场环境下微型土压力传感器与土介质相互作用引起的匹配误差特性,结合匹配误差理论,通过液体标定试验和离心力场中土介质标定试验,讨论了微型土压力传感器在模量相对较大土介质中的非线性响应特征及其主要影响因素。试验分析表明：在液压条件下微型土压力传感器具有良好的线性响应特性;在离心力场环境中微型土压力传感器表现出的显著非线性响应特性是由加载过程中土介质模量的改变引起;基于建立的匹配误差随土介质模量变化的关系曲线对测试数据进行非线性修正,可明显提高微型土压力传感器在模量相对较大土介质中的测试精度。     

基于最大球算法定量表征土体空间孔隙网络

孔隙网络控制着土体渗流、排水固结与基质吸力等重要工程性质。本文介绍了多孔介质孔隙网络最大球建模基本原理与算法。以显微CT扫描振捣干法生成的南京粉砂试样为例,采用最大球算法建立了试样三维重构模型表征单元体(REV)的空间孔隙网络球棍模型,计算得到了样品REV尺度的孔隙网络参数,统计发现,孔隙半径、喉道半径、孔隙配位数、孔隙截面形状因子、喉道截面形状因子与喉道长度等孔隙参数均近似服从正态分布,孔隙体积近似服从衰减型指数分布。孔隙与喉道半径分别分布在100μm与65μm以内,两者数学期望分别为40. 0μm与18. 0μm;配位数分布在25以内,数学期望为5. 1;孔隙与喉道截面形状因子分别分布在0. 01~0. 04与0. 01~0. 05的区间内,两者数学期望分别为0. 019与0. 033;喉道长度分布在100~800μm以内,数学期望为292. 22μm。同时发现,样品中体积小于1. 5×10^7μm^3的小孔隙数量超过90%。本方法可应用于土体细观孔隙结构的定量表征。