The fast Ice Nucleus chamber FINCH

We present first results of our new developed Ice Nucleus (IN) counter FINCH from the sixth Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment (CLACE 6) campaign at Jungfraujoch station, 3571 m asl. Measurements were made at the total and the ICE CVI inlet. Laboratory measurements of ice onset temperatures by FINCH are compared to those of the static diffusion chamber FRIDGE (FRankfurt Ice Deposition Freezing Experiment). Within the errors of both new instruments the results compare well to published data.     

卫星遥感结合地面观测估算非均匀地表区域能量通量

卫星遥感在研究非均匀陆面上地－气间能量和水循环过程时有其独到的作用。文中介绍了一种利用ＬＡＮＤＳＡＴＴＭ资料进行非均匀陆面上区域能量平衡研究的参数化方案。并以夏季和深秋两个景的ＴＭ资料为个例,结合“黑河实验”（ＨＥＩＦＥ）期间的地面观测资料分析了实验区非均匀陆面上地表特征参数及能量平衡各分量的区域分布及季节差异,同时将所得的结果与地面观测的“真值”作了比较,所得的这些结果是基本可信的。这种方法仍然处于发展的初始阶段,对此也进行了讨论。     

地震异构云管理平台的技术架构设计

基于Open Stack的开源标准体系,结合中国地震台网中心和中国地震局第二监测中心的云基础设施现状,设计两级云管理架构,以异构云管理平台作为综合管理平台,纳管区域云管理平台,以统一门户的方式对地震行业云计算资源进行统一管理;通过容器化部署异构云管理平台,初步实现对地震行业云计算资源的统一监控和运行管理。     

沙尘表面非均相化学过程的气候效应的初步模拟研究

建立了一个包含地表起尘机制的尘粒表面非均相化学模式, 并与区域气候——大气化学模式系统连接. 研究了沙尘气溶胶表面的非均相过程对大气中一些重要微量成分浓度的影响及其所产生的气候效应. 结果表明,非均相过程使得二氧化硫和臭氧的浓度降低,硫酸盐浓度增加,年平均硫酸盐积分浓度增加26mg/m2;在部分地区非均相过程使二氧化氮浓度降低,而在另外一些地区,则使二氧化氮浓度增加. 1,4,7,10月四个月硫酸盐浓度增加造成的辐射强迫最大值分别为-0.24,-1.0,-2.0,-0.6 W/m2,全区域年平均辐射强迫为-0.033 W/m2. 四个月最大降温分别可达0.16,0.35,0.5,0.48K,年平均降温0.021K. 非均相过程对月总降水亦有明显的影响.     

Coral reef recovery status in south Andaman Islands after the bleaching event 2010

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are one of the Union Territories of India, located in the eastern part of the Bay of Bengal. In 2010 summer, the increment in sea surface water temperature (up to 34℃) resulted in the bleaching of about 74% to 77% of corals in the South Andaman. During this event, coral species such as Acropora cerealis, A. humilis, Montipora sp., Favia pallida, Diploastrea sp., Goniopora sp. Fungia concinna, Gardineroseries sp., Porites sp., Favites abdita and Lobophyllia robusta were severely affected. This study is to assess the recovery status of the reef ecosystem by estimating the percentage of Live Coral cover, Bleached coral cover, Dead coral with algae, Rubble, Sandy flat, Algal assemblage and other associated organisms. The sedimentation rate (mg cm-2 d-1) and coral coverage (%) were assessed during this study period. The average sedimentation rate was ranged between 0.27 and 0.89 mg cm-2 d-1 . The observed post bleaching recovery of coral cover was 21.1% at Port Blair Bay and 13.29% at Havelock Island. The mortality rate of coral cover due to this bleaching was estimated as 2.05% at Port Blair Bay and 9.82% at Havelock Island. Once the sea water temperature resumed back to the normal condition, most of the corals were found recovered.     

Testing for sufficient signal resetting during sediment transport using a polymineral multiple-signal luminescence approach

We present a multiple luminescence signal measurement procedure that simultaneously measures six different luminescence signals from a single polymineral aliquot (i.e. multiple-signal, short MS-SAR approach). The six signals show different bleaching rates in bleaching experiments, ranging from rapid bleaching for the quartz dominated blue stimulated luminescence signal (measured at 125 °C, BSL-125), to the slow-bleaching polymineral thermoluminescence signal. The bleaching rate of the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) measured at room temperature (IR-25) and elevated temperature post-IR IRSL (pIRIR-90, pIRIR-155, pIRIR-225) signals decrease with increasing measurement temperature. Owing to these different bleaching rates, the MS-SAR approach allows inference of the degree of bleaching, and thereby information on the transport history of sediments. We test this approach by applying the MS-SAR to four coastal samples from a well-monitored sand-nourishment site at the Dutch coast. Our results show that the proposed MS-SAR approach can be utilised to construct bleaching plateaus which provide an independent and time-effective measure of the degree of poor bleaching in a sediment sample based on the measurement of only a few large aliquots. We propose that the MS-SAR protocol can be used to profile the age, luminescence properties and degree of bleaching of minimal prepared polymineral. This pre-profiling will allow the selection of suitable samples for full luminescence dating analysis in a target-orientated and time-effective manner.     

Application of single-grain OSL dating to ice-proximal deposits,glacial Lake Benson,west-central Minnesota,USA

Glacial Lake Benson formed in west-central Minnesota as the Des Moines lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet retreated north of a small moraine in the Minnesota River lowland. Although previous research has constrained the timing of glacial Lake Agassiz immediately to the north, little age control is available for the formation of glacial Lake Benson and ice-marginal positions to the south. In order to constrain the age of glacial Lake Benson and test the application of single-grain optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to ice-marginal deposits, seven OSL samples were collected from a variety of depositional settings. These included deltaic deposits linked to specific lake levels, pro-glacial fluvial, ice-contact and supra-glacial deposits. Single-grain OSL results indicate evidence for incomplete resetting (partial bleaching) of the luminescence signal, as expected for glacial environments, and therefore ages were calculated using a minimum age model. OSL results constrain the timing of ice-margin retreat and lake formation to 14.4–14.8 ka. Analysis of single-grain equivalent dose distributions indicates that deposits created by glacial-dominated processes typically had higher over-dispersion (>50%) and greater positive skew (>0.9) than deposits originating from fluvial processes. These results suggest that water-lain deposits should be targeted for OSL sampling over those created by glacial processes when dating ice-proximal settings.     

Modeling patterns of coral bleaching at a remote Central Pacific atoll

A mild bleaching event (9.2% prevalence) at Palmyra Atoll occurred in response to the 2009 ENSO, when mean water temperature reached 29.8-30.1 °C. Prevalence among both abundant and sparse taxa varied with no clear pattern in susceptibility relating to coral morphology. Seven taxon-specific models showed that turbidity exacerbated while prior exposure to higher background temperatures alleviated bleaching, with these predictors explaining an average 16.3% and 11.5% variation in prevalence patterns, respectively. Positive associations occurred between bleaching prevalence and both immediate temperature during the bleaching event (average 8.4% variation explained) and increased sand cover (average 3.7%). Despite these associations, mean unexplained variation in prevalence equalled 59%. Lower bleaching prevalence in areas experiencing higher background temperatures suggests acclimation to temperature stress among several coral genera, while WWII modifications may still be impacting the reefs via shoreline sediment re-distribution and increased turbidity, exacerbating coral bleaching susceptibility during periods of high temperature stress.