华北平原土壤环境重金属元素分布规律及其意义

为全面深入掌握华北平原的重金属元素分布状况,本文以2002年以来在华北平原范围内的3省2市开展的区域土壤地球化学调查数据为基础,制得华北平原区域内As、Hg、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等7种重金属元素的土壤环境地球化学图.本文分析了该7种重金属元素在华北平原的分布规律,并分析了成因.在7种重金属元素的基础上,本文还制...     

“黄石热点”对鄂东南地区金属矿床的制约

鄂东南地区是我国铁、铜、金等多金属的重要成矿带。通过地球物理和地球化学等研究表明,多种类型矿床均与黄石地区存在的上达上地壳的地幔热柱密切相关,并以＂热点＂（＂黄石热点＂）的形式表现出来,这种新认识对指导鄂东南地区的地质和找矿工作具有重要意义。     

黄铁矿的成分标型特征及其在金属矿床中的指示意义

黄铁矿是硫化物矿床中的常见矿物,其形态、结构、物理性质及化学成分等均具有成因意义,黄铁矿的成分标型特征,特别是微量元素及其特征指数不仅能提供矿床类型、成因和成矿条件等重要信息,而且也是寻找硫化物矿床的重要找矿标志.通过对不同类型硫化物矿床中黄铁矿的Co,Ni,As,Au,Ag,Se,Te,以及Co/Ni,Se/Te等特...     

1999—2018年锦州地区大雾气候特征及成因分析

应用常规气象观测资料、能见度仪观测资料,分析1999—2018年锦州地区大雾气候特征及成因。结果表明：锦州地区雾日年总频次多年平均为33次,存在12 a、6 a和3 a的变化周期。锦州地区典型大雾过程主要分为弱低压槽型、雨后弱高压型。大雾存在日变化。雾前T-T_d为4—14℃,风速为4 m·s^-1以下,偏南风占50%,偏北风占38%,静风占12%;雾发展阶段T-T_d为0—4℃,平均风速为2.2 m·s^-1,偏南风占58%,偏北风占42%;浓雾阶段T-T_d为0—2℃,平均风速为1.9 m·s^-1,偏南风占58%,偏北风占42%;雾减弱到消散阶段T-T_d逐渐升高,平均风速为3.3 m·s^-1,偏北风占58%。大雾期间,均出现逆温和湿层。     

西安市二环内表层土壤重金属空间分布特征

采集西安市二环内78处表层土壤样品,研究西安二环内城市表层土壤中Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、V的空间分布特征,并采用相关分析、因子分析和聚类分析等多元统计方法探究西安市二环内城市表层土壤中8种重金属元素的来源.结果表明,西安市二环内表层土壤中Co、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn具有明显的高值带和高值区,而Mn、N...     

破罡湖底泥重金属分布特征及潜在生态危害

2009年7月,采用Mapinfo专题地图制作技术和Lars Hankson指数模型对破罡湖底泥中铜、铬、锌、镉和铅5种重金属污染的空间分布现状及潜在生态危害进行了研究。结果表明,①破罡湖底泥中铬、铜、锌、镉和铅的含量分别为110～145 mg/kg、51.9～68.1 mg/kg、119～155 mg/kg、1.05～1.41 mg/kg和38.0～62.1 mg/kg;其中,铜和镉的平均含量超过了《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618-1995)二级标准限值,其他重金属平均含量则在允许范围内。②破罡湖底泥中铜与铬最大含量分布区域都出现在该湖东北部邻枞阳县处;底泥中锌和镉的分布也有一定相似性,最大锌含量和镉含量都出现在湖东北部的小合村以北处,而在湖东南部通江渠附近的锌含量和镉含量都是最小的;铜与铬和锌与镉具有协同毒性,其分布的空间重叠增加了其高含量区域的生态风险。③底泥中铅的高含量区域则出现在湖西湖滨带,汽车尾气排铅是破罡湖底泥中铅的重要来源。④破罡湖底泥中镉含量达到极强生态危害影响水平,其他4种重金属潜在生态危害轻微,由于镉的贡献,导致破罡湖底泥多种重金属潜在生态危害总体上达到很强的水平。     

Geochemical Characteristics and Sources of Some Chemical Components in Sediments of Zhuiiang（Pearl） River Estuary

Sediment cores with length of 25 - 45cm at 12 stations in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Estuary were sampled in summer of 1999. Chemical components (Al2O3 , Fe2O3, CaO, TiO2, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, Ni, V, Ba, Sr and Y) and grain sizes were analyzed. Sediments in Zhujiang River Estuary are characterized by relatively coarse grain size. The grain sizes of the sediments in the area outside the estuary are relatively finer than those in the north part of the estuary but coarser than those in the middle of Lingdingyang and have a trend similar to the spatial distribution trend of some chemical components such as Fe2O3, Al2O3, TiO2, V, Cu, Ni, Zn and Y. This showed that grain size is an important factor that controls the spatial distribution and depth profile of chemical elements in the Zhujiang River Estuary. Frequent re-suspension, re-transportation and redistribution of settled sediment on estuary floor could be deduced from the spatial distributions and depth profiles of chemical components. Except for CaO and Sr, the chemical components always enrich at the west side of, in the middle of, and at the north side of, the estuary. Fe2O3, Al2O3, Ti, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu and Y in Zhujiang River Estuary sediments mainly result from rock and soil weathering except that parts of Cr, Ni, Zn Cu and Y are anthropogenic. CaO and Sr in sediments originate from marine source. Although Co as well as Pb derives from anthropogenic sources, human activities related to Co might differ from the activities related to Pb.     

Copper accumulation and transport in a marine food chain composed ofPlatymonas subcordiformis, brachionus plicatilis andPenaeus monodon

Accumulation, transport and toxicity of Cu in the food chain consisting ofPlatymonas subcordiformis, Brachionus plicatilis andPenaeus monodon were studied. Effects of Cu on the growth of organisms in the food chain were investigated and the inhibiting effect concentration (EC₅₀) of Cu was then determined according to the dynamics of the relative number of cells or total individuals of organisms, expressed in percentages with reference to the controlled system, under different culture conditions. On the basis of the variations in accumulation and percentages of accumulation of Cu in the biological phase, the relationship between the accumulation of Cu in organisms and its toxicity was analyzed and the main approach for determining the transport of Cu in the food chain was then discussed. Project 3880644 supported by NSFC.     

含钾岩石的综合开发利用及其潜在经济价值

含钾岩石泛指含氧化钾、氧化铝较高的一类铝硅酸盐岩石,它潜在着相当大的经济价值,对其进行综合开发利用。可生产出钾肥、金属铝、纯碱以及水泥等产品,既能缓解工农业对钾肥和金属铝的迫切需要,又能创造良好的经济效益,使矿产资源能得到充分合理的利用。     

湘西亚热带地球化学景观土壤中重金属分布和赋存状态的研究

本文研究了湘西亚热带地球化学景观上壤中重金属分布与土壤机械组成、矿物成分之间的关系。