密云水库上游矿产资源开发对土壤环境的影响

通过对密云水库上游白河主要支流汤河、琉璃河流域和潮河流域内矿山开采现状调查,以及对区内采集的250件土壤样品测试成果,对区内土壤环境采用重金属总量分布特征、相关性分析法进行现状分析;并采用地累积指数污染评价、污染负荷指数评价和GIS空间分析等方法,开展矿山土壤环境影响现状评价,划分区内土壤污染范围,提出初步的治理对策建议。     

时间域激电中时间常数与金属因子的提取及应用

文章采用数字滤波正演、最优化反演等数值方法从实测时间域激电衰减曲线中提取时间常数、金属因子,多角度评价激电异常。在加拿大安大略省红湖金矿勘查中,应用该方法圈出4处异常,经过钻孔验证见矿,证实了该方法的有效性。相较于常规时间域激电法,该方法揭示激电异常信息的能力更强。     

安顺市大暴雨的时空分布特征与物理量分析

利用2009-2019年安顺市6个国家站和77个区域站的逐日和逐小时降水资料、 Micaps资料,对安顺市大暴雨的时空分布特征及物理量进行分析,结果表明：安顺市年平均大暴雨日数为10.1d,年平均影响范围为54.1站次,5-9月是大暴雨出现的集中期,6月大暴雨出现频次最高,影响范围最广,大暴雨的主要发生时段和最强影响时段出现在夜间到早晨;区域性大暴雨比局地性大暴雨出现时间晚,结束时间早,6月是区域性大暴雨和局地性大暴雨出现最多的月份,5-7月局地性大暴雨出现的频率最高;安顺主要出现单日大暴雨,持续2d以上的大暴雨只出现过16次;大暴雨总日数的空间分布有两个高频区和两个低频区,总量的空间分布与总日数基本一致,强度的空间分布呈南强北弱,总站次的空间分布呈南多北少;在5月预报大暴雨天气时要更注重分析T85和T75,6-7月产生大暴雨时对能量和中低层的水汽含量的要求高于其它月份。     

Effect of Cu toxicity at different salinity on selective group of juvenile pompano Trachinotus ovatus

Effects of copper toxicity and salinity shock on selective group of juvenile pompano Trachinotus ovatus were investigated.The fish were exposed to different Cu2+ concentrations of 0(blank),0.02(C1),0.05(C2),0.10(C3),and 0.15 mg·L–1(C4)at a salinity of 10‰ or 40‰ for 96 h,with the salinity of 29‰ as the control.The results showed that the effects of the acute salinity stimulation to survival rates of pompano between control(29‰)and lower or higher salinity for 96 h were not significant(p0.05).However,the survival rates in each treatment were decreased with the increase of Cu2+ concentration.The dominant factor influencing body moisture of the fish was salinity,and there was no sign that body moisture was correlated with exposure to Cu2+.The gill lamellas in high level of Cu2+ concentration(C4 treatments)were abnormal under the salinity of 40‰ and extremely curly under the salinity of 10‰.Hemorrhage in gill was observed in the two C4 treatments.Under transmission electron microscope,pillar cells in gill lamellas appeared deformed and ruptured in some areas of the epithelia in the higher concentration of Cu2+,resulting in the death of the fish due to the destruction of gill tissue,elevation of the arithmetic mean distance from water to blood,the decrease of oxygen diffusion capacity,and other physiological functions.These findings indicate that the pompano might suffer much more pressure when encountered with Cu2+ pollution and low salinity.     

2011年湖南一次强暴雨过程中尺度分析

以LAPS局地分析资料为主,综合利用卫星云图、地面自动站资料和NCEP提供的全球分析资料,对2011年6月9—10日湖南一次特大暴雨过程进行了分析,结果表明:降水主要发生在对流云团中亮温TBB-70℃的区域的偏西一侧,在TBB-80℃的区域内降水最强;锋前暖区中的对流云团,在中低层是以条件不稳定机制为主的垂直上升运动,而在中高层,是以条件对称不稳定机制为主的垂直上升运动。中尺度对流系统在不断东移南压的过程中,受高层的辐散性流场的抽吸作用和低层的对流不稳定而发展加强。强气旋性切变和正涡度平流触发中尺度气旋发生、发展,β中尺度涡旋是此次特大暴雨过程的直接影响系统。对整层的高度场和流场进行滤波分析发现,此次暴雨过程中的中尺度气旋活跃,强降水雨团与中尺度低层辐合、高层辐散中心基本重合。利用高(低)层中尺度辐散(合)中心位置确定暴雨中心有一定的预报指导作用。     

一次梅雨期台风远距离暴雨的分析研究

用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、MICAPS系统地面站资料、TRMM卫星降水资料以及自动站雨量资料分析了2011年梅雨后期发生在江苏省南京市的一次暴雨过程。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在中高层高空深槽前部、低空切变线附近、低层低涡和地面低压的东北部,是西风带低值系统及其引导的低层低涡与西进北上的"马鞍"台风共同作用产生的。925 h Pa上中国东南沿海位于低层低涡东北部的东南偏东气流影响下,将来自于西太平洋的水汽源源不断向暴雨区输送,为暴雨的发生提供了良好的水汽条件。不仅如此,此东南偏东气流还使得华南和东南沿海地区暖平流明显。低层暖平流输送伴随的小幅增温和水汽输送导致的湿度层增厚,导致南京附近大气层结不稳定是暴雨发生的热力环境。随着"马鞍"台风的西进北上,其北侧副高中的干空气逐渐被卷至中国东南沿海附近,与大陆上的暖湿气流形成明显对比,形成了一条明显的能量锋。与此同时,在长江中游地区,残余的梅雨锋也表现为一条能量锋,两条能量锋在南京附近相接,造成明显的上升运动,从而触发了暴雨的发生。     

太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)担轮幼虫的超低温保存研究

本文研究了六种抗冻保护剂GLY(甘油)、DMSO(二甲基亚砜)、PG(丙二醇)、EG(乙二醇)、DMA(二甲基乙酰胺)和Me OH(甲醇)在三种不同浓度下(5%、10%、15%,v/v)对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)担轮幼虫的毒性作用及冷冻保存的影响。太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫毒性实验证明:抗冻保护剂的种类和浓度对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫产生的毒性强弱不同,在抗冻保护剂浓度为5%时,GLY、DMSO、PG、EG对太平洋牡蛎的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05);随着抗冻保护剂浓度增加到10%,GLY、DMSO、EG、Me OH对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05);而抗冻保护剂浓度为15%时,GLY、DMSO对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用显著低于其他抗冻保护剂(P0.05),且随着抗冻保护剂浓度的升高,其对太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的毒性作用也增大。太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫的超低温冷冻保存实验证明:以10%DMSO作为抗冻保护剂,采用分布降温法冷冻保存太平洋牡蛎担轮幼虫,28°C水浴解冻后担轮幼虫运动率达到(73.00±2.00)%,显著高于其他实验组(P0.05),其次为GLY组,且各浓度间差异不显著(P0.05)。该研究为太平洋牡蛎及其他贝类胚胎保存提供了科学依据,在贝类遗传育种和生物技术等方面具有一定的应用前景,具有重要的生产实践价值。     

Provenance signal variations caused by facies and tectonics: Zircon age and heavy mineral evidence from Miocene sand in the north-eastern North Sea Basin

The provenance of the Danish Miocene sands has been deduced from zircon ages and heavy minerals integrated with an existing detailed stratigraphic model of the fluvio-deltaic sand successions that prograded into the North Sea Basin in large delta lobes. The stratigraphic model allowed interpretation of the depositional ages of the samples, which were used to reconstruct the outline of the river pathway system for each time slice. The contribution from individual source areas to a specific position in the Miocene succession was controlled by depositional environment and tectonics. The major rivers each flowed separately to the sea, so mixing between supplies from different sources could only have occurred in the marine environment, where a wave-induced shallow current and a tidally-induced deeper current transported the sediment along the shore in opposite directions. Changes in grain size parameters and mineral assemblages across Denmark showed that the overall sediment transport direction for southern Scandinavia was to the south-west. They also showed that the sediments are immature with regards to transport length, so the high maturity of the heavy mineral suite suggests that kaolinisation has been a widespread phenomenon in the source areas. Rapid uplift and/or extensive denudation may have been revealed by an apparent eastward migration of the dominating provenance area, which was observed in the zircon age data for two consecutive time spans; the early Miocene first tectonic pulse and the intra-early Miocene tectonic phase. Comparison of the zircon age distributions with age markers defined using the published ages of the Scandinavian basement terranes shows that most of the sand came from several Sveconorwegian source areas in south-eastern Norway and south-western Sweden. Contributions from the Svecofennian Orogen, the Caledonian belt and the Oslo Rift are also found and the presence of Archaean zircon grains suggests that contributions to the river systems came from as far away as Finland.     

Organic geochemical identification of reservoir oil–gas–water layers in the Junggar Basin,NW China

The identification of reservoir oil–gas–water layers is a fundamental task in petroleum exploration and exploitation, but is difficult, especially in cases of complex hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. In such cases, hydrocarbon remigration and dysmigration take place very commonly, leading to the presence of residual or paleo-oil accumulations and layers, which cannot be easily identified or misinterpreted as oil layers by conventional logging and geophysical data. In this paper, based on a case study in the Luxi area of the central Junggar Basin, NW China, we seek to characterize such layers in terms of organic geochemistry. We suggest specific indicator parameters of organic geochemistry such as the chloroform bitumen content of reservoir extracts, which is usually >1.0% in oil layers. We explore the application of grains containing oil inclusions (GOI) (the ratio of mineral grains containing oil inclusions to the total number of mineral grains) for the identification of oil–gas–water layers in the Junggar Basin for the first time; this method has been used elsewhere. The maximum GOI values for the oil layers, oil–water layers, water layers and dry layers are >11%, 7%–11%, 6%–7% and <6%, respectively. In addition, gas layers and heavy-oil layers that are difficult to identify by conventional organic geochemical parameters were identified using biomarkers. The typical characteristics of the soluble reservoir bitumen in the gas layers include a much greater abundance of tricyclic terpanes (two times in general) relative to pentacyclic terpanes and a tricyclic terpane distribution of C₂₀ > C₂₁ > C₂₃. In contrast, the typical characteristic of the heavy-oil layers is the presence of 25-norhopanes in reservoir bitumen extracts. These specific indicators can be applied in the Junggar Basin and in similar settings elsewhere.     

Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的急性毒性和联合毒性试验

为了解重金属Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的毒害程度和泥蚶对重金属Cd2+和Cu2+的解毒能力,用毒理学实验方法研究了Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的急性毒性和联合毒性效应。结果表明:Cd2+、Cu2+对泥蚶的96 h半致死质量浓度分别为6.189、0.460 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.062、0.005 mg/L;相对毒性Cu2+Cd2+。在1︰1毒性单位的联合作用下,Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为1.984、0.147 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.020、0.001 mg/L。2种重金属离子的联合毒性大于任一重金属离子的毒性,联合毒性表现为协同作用。