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931.
利用单因素实验对海洋解木糖赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus sp.JZ008)培养条件进行了优化.优化后的培养条件:温度为35℃、pH值为7.5、接种量为3%(V/V)、装液量为50cm3/250 cm3时,菌量达到2.01×108CFU/cm3,比优化之前提高了40.6%.添加海藻寡糖可以促进菌株生长,添加量为5.0 g/dm3时发酵液中活菌数是对照组的2.51倍.研究了菌株JZ008对Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Cu~(2+)3种重金属离子的吸附特性,结果表明菌株JZ008对3种重金属离子污染的水溶液吸附率效果明显,20 d吸附率分别达到95.6%、96.4%、87.0%.土壤重金属吸附实验结果表明,海藻寡糖复配菌株JZ008组对Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Cu~(2+)吸附效果明显,60 d吸附率分别达到82.5%、82.0%、86.9%.菌株JZ008对重金属的优良吸附作用为进一步开发解木糖赖氨酸芽孢杆菌在重金属修复方面的应用奠定了基础. 相似文献
932.
933.
沿海地区频繁遭受洪水灾害,往往并非单一灾种驱动,而是多种致灾因子相互影响的综合结果.文中梳理了沿海地区复合洪水的主要驱动机理,归纳了复合洪水危险性研究中统计模型和动力数值模型两类主要研究方法,并分别阐述了近年来主要进展.复合洪水是极端高潮位(包括天文潮位、风暴潮和海浪)、河流洪水和强降水过程的两两组合或者是三者同时发生... 相似文献
934.
海湾是海洋和陆地相互作用和人类活动最强烈的区域,沉积物中重金属的含量和分布都受到人类活动的影响。为了探究钦州湾沉积物中重金属的含量水平、污染程度和可能来源,本研究分析了钦州湾表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg和As的含量及空间分布,采用地质累计指数(Igeo)和潜在生态风险指数(PERI)定量分析了重金属的污染程度和生态风险,并利用自组织映射(SOM)和正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)模型评估了重金属的可能来源。结果表明:钦州湾表层沉积物重金属中Zn的平均含量最高,Hg平均含量最低;除个别站位的Pb含量符合海洋沉积物质量第二类标准外,其他重金属含量均符合海洋沉积物质量第一类标准;Igeo结果表明钦州湾表层沉积物主要的污染元素为Pb、Hg和Cu;PERI结果表明Hg是钦州湾表层沉积物主要的生态风险元素。SOM和PMF模型结果表明钦州湾表层沉积物重金属主要受自然来源、农业活动、工业生产活动的共同影响,各来源的相对贡献率分别为39.65%、29.15%和31.20%。 相似文献
935.
Heavy metal polluted sites are bearing an acute hazardous risk for the groundwater, but also a potential one. While the acute risk can be assessed directly via seepage water measurements, determination of the potential risk is much more complex. It results from the sum of all reactions that are capable to mobilize heavy metals under worst case environ-mental conditions. Using a fourfold sequential extraction (SE4) such a worst case was simulated for four soils highly contaminated with Pb, Zn, and Cu. The resulting potential mobilizable amounts ϕpm have been compared with those derived from 6 single extractions. By means of variance analyses, it is shown that ϕpm of lead can be represented by a single extraction with NH2OH. In contrary, ϕpm of zinc can be represented using the pHstat test or an extraction with aqua regia, while ϕpm of copper can be represented only by aqua regia extraction. The water-soluble amounts deriving from the DEV-S4 test do not correlate with the potential mobilizable amounts of any metal. Therefore, an assessment of contaminated sites should include an aqua regia extraction additionally to the seepage water analysis. 相似文献
936.
937.
1 INTRODUCTION Ammonia and nitrites are common pollutants in waters used for intensive aquiculture, and are harmful to cultured animals and their larvae when present in sufficiently high concentrations (Zhou, 1991). Ammonia in water is usually derived from animal excretion and catabolism of organic materi- als. It occurs in un-ionized and ionized forms. Un-ionized ammonia can pass through cell mem- brane and is harmful to the cells due to its fat-soluble feature (Chen, 2000; Chin, 2001).… 相似文献
938.
Zhu Xiaobin Xu Weihai Wang Xinting Huang Xinping Deng Liping Kang Xinglun Jiang Zhigang Ma Xuli 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(1):39-42
Heavy metals pollution in Jiaozhou Bay was studied inRuditapes. philippinarum, a bioindicator of seawater pollution. Heavy metals in soda industry wastes “white mud” were also studied. Comparison of
microwave digestion method with general digestion method revealed that microwave digestion is superior to general digestion
in precision, recovery, digestion speed and efficiency, etc. Cd concentration in HongdaoR. philippinarum samples exceeded the national standard by 0.046 mg/kg, that of Yinghai sample by 0.02 mg/kg, and that of Hongshiya sample
by 0.22 mg/kg. Sample Pb concentration in Hongshiya was found to exceed the national standard by 0.02 mg/kg. However the heavy
metals concentration inR. philippinarum near the Qingdao Alkaline Factory was complied with the standard. This was proved byPenaeus chinensis culture experiment. Therefore, the possible contamination source may come from other land areas.
This study is supported by Project 973 (NO.2002CB 412402), and key project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant NO.KJCX315W-215). 相似文献
939.
除草剂丁草胺对黄鳝的遗传毒性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过分析红细胞微核、核异常及染色体数目和结构畸变,研究了除草剂丁草胺对黄鳝细胞的遗传毒性。采用腹腔注射的方法染毒,质量分数分别为0. 05、0 .08和0. 12mg/kg,结果(经t检验)表明除草剂丁草胺在较低浓度时( <0. 05mg/kg)基本上不表现诱变性,但0. 12mg/kg浓度组可显著地提高黄鳝外周血红细胞的微核率(P<0 .01),对黄鳝染色体数目畸变率和结构畸变率也有影响(P<0 .01)。这表明除草剂丁草胺在一定浓度范围内对黄鳝具有明显的遗传学损伤作用。 相似文献
940.
Heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment: a review 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Heavy metals are released into environment from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources. Aquatic ecosystems are normally at the receiving end and in many cases, with lakes as intermediaries. Lacustrine sediments are important sinks for heavy metals and play a significant role in enrichment and remobilization of heavy metals in aquatic systems. Therefore, characteristics of heavy metal in lacustrine sediments become one of the important issues in environmental sciences. Progress in heavy metal research of lake sediments since late 1980s is reviewed comprehensively in this paper from over 100. The Highlights are placed on the establishment of aquatic sediment quality guidelines, references chemical speciation of heavy metals, heavy metal transport mechanisms in lakes, and high-resolution study of lake borehole cores. Meanwhile, suggestions for heavy metal research in lacustrine sediment in the future are proposed, including such issues as using integrated approaches to assess aquatic ecosystem, modem lake dynamic process, high-resolution evolutionary sequence and spatial differentiation of environments and international lake database, which should be referential to the promotion of research on heavy metal in aquatic system. 相似文献