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51.
乐平煤是分布于苏浙皖赣地区龙潭组中的特有煤种(俗称树皮煤),也是一种具良好生烃潜力的烃源岩。乐平煤中,壳质组和可溶有机质含量高,母质类型为高等植物和低等生物双重来源,元素组成具富氢、低氧、高含硫的特征,应属海相成因的泥炭坪沉积。成煤物质主要来源于真蕨、种子蕨和科达类等植物的树皮体。树皮体又可分为茎皮体和根皮体两种亚组分。依据煤的显微组分组成和树皮体富集程度的不同,乐平煤可分为原地型、过渡型和微异地型三种成因类型。乐平煤的研究对整个南方二叠纪煤成烃资源的评价具重要的地质意义。 相似文献
52.
Donald A. Wilhite 《Natural Hazards》1996,13(3):229-252
Drought is a normal, recurrent feature of climate that affects virtually all countries to some degree. The number of drought-induced natural disasters has grown significantly since the 1960s, largely as a result of increasing vulnerability to extended periods of precipitation deficiency rather than because of an increase in the frequency of meteorological droughts. This increase in drought-induced natural disasters has resulted in a considerable growth of interest in drought mitigation and preparedness worldwide. The purpose of a national preparedness plan is to reduce societal vulnerability to drought through the adoption of preventive, anticipatory policies and programs. This paper describes a ten-step planning process that nations can follow to develop a drought preparedness plan. This process, originally developed in 1987, has been the basis of discussions at training seminars on drought preparedness for developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It has also been adopted, with appropriate modifications, by state or provincial governments and by municipalities. The process is intended to be flexible so that governments can add, delete, or modify the suggested steps, as necessary.Published as Paper No. 10946, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. The work reported here was conducted under Nebraska Agricultural Research Division Project 27-007. This material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant ATM-8704050. 相似文献
53.
Yucca Mountain, the proposed site for the high-level nuclear waste repository, is located just south of where the present
water table begins a sharp rise in elevation. This large hydraulic gradient is a regional feature that extends for over 100 km.
Yucca Mountain and its vicinity are underlain by faulted and fractured tuffs with hydraulic conductivities controlled by flow
through the fractures. Close to and parallel with the region of large hydraulic gradient, and surrounding the core of the
Timber Mountain Caldera, there is a 10- to 20-km-wide zone containing few faults and thus, most likely, few open fractures.
Consequently, this zone should have a relatively low hydraulic conductivity, and this inference is supported by the available
conductivity measurements in wells near the large hydraulic gradient. Also, slug injection tests indicate significantly higher
pressures for fracture opening in wells located near the large hydraulic gradient compared to the opening pressures in wells
further to the south, hence implying that lower extensional stresses prevail to the north with consequently fewer open fractures
there. Analytical and numerical modeling shows that such a boundary between media of high and low conductivity can produce
the observed, large hydraulic gradient, with the high conductivity medium having a lower elevation than the water table. Further,
as fractures can close due to tectonic activity, the conductivity of the Yucca Mountain tuffs can be reduced to a value near
that for the hydraulic barrier due to strain release by a moderate earthquake. Under these conditions, simulations show that
the elevation of the steady-state water table could rise between 150 and 250 m at the repository site. This elevation rise
is due to the projected shift in the location of the large hydraulic gradient to the south in response to a moderate earthquake,
near magnitude 6, along one of the major normal faults adjacent to Yucca Mountain. As the proposed repository would only be
200–400 m above the present water table, this predicted rise in the water table indicates a potential hazard involving water
intrusion.
Received: 7 June 1996 / Accepted: 19 November 1996 相似文献
54.
55.
中国侏罗系煤成油若干问题 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在阐述了煤成油的概念,总结和评述了煤生油显微组分,生油门限,生油范围和生油高峰等问题后,本文通过吐哈等盆地侏罗系煤生油显微组分组成特征,可溶有机质演化,成熟度和有机质丰度,油源及原油成熟度对比;含煤岩系中煤层和泥岩的厚度及总量和煤及泥岩最高沥青和总烃转化率的对比; 其族组成和煤成原油的族组成特征的对比,提出了中国侏罗系煤成油盆地中泥岩比煤层对煤成油田形成有大的贡献看法。 相似文献
56.
讨论了渭北矿区地表裂陷的成因、危害、防治的方法和意义。指出地震、活动性断裂、人类采矿活动、地下水活动等地质作用和煤层埋藏地质条件是矿区地表裂陷地质灾害的主要原因。矿山有关部门在减灾、防灾方面应采取的措施。 相似文献
57.
巨厚火成岩在煤系中的水文地质意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对海孜煤矿7煤各工作面突水的特征和水质对比等方法,结合采后形成的导水裂隙带高度,得出了导致7煤各工作面突水的水源是来自巨厚火成岩侵入时对围岩产生的破坏裂隙水,在此基础上提出了侵入裂隙的概念,突水通道为采后形成的导水裂隙,并针对突水成因,提出了控制采高和提前疏放等防治措施。 相似文献
58.
开滦矿区煤系地层上覆由于防水煤柱留设过大,造成了大量的煤炭储量呆滞。为了提高煤炭资源回收率,确保安全生产,开滦林南仓矿在西二采区进行了工作面采后的导高观测试验研究,测量导水裂隙带岩层的漏失情况,为提高开采上限提供了地质依据,防水煤柱由原来的65m缩小到53m,成功地在1221上工作面进行了试验开采。 相似文献
59.
本文结合陕西省农业节水灌溉发展的实际情况,论述了在本省发展节水灌溉的必要性并针对各种节水措施的适用条件,提出陕西省不同区域的农业节水模式. 相似文献
60.
大同市(平原区)地下水超采现状及治理措施 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过分析大同市平原区地下水超采现状,指出地下水超采容易引起的水环境问题,针对日益紧张的水资源供需矛盾和地下水起采引起的水环境问题,提出了超采区的治理措施. 相似文献