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21.
The increasing natural disasters, especially floods during the last quarter century, are raising the economic losses in Taiwan.
The most severe hazard in Taiwan is flooding induced by typhoons and storms in summer and autumn. By comparing the rivers
around the world, the ones in Taiwan have the steepest slopes, the largest discharge per unit drainage area, and the shortest
time of concentrations. Rapid urbanization without proper land uses managements usually worsen the flood problems. Consequently,
flood hazards mitigation has become the most essential task for Taiwan to deal with. Although the government keeps improving
flood defense structures, the flood damage grows continuously. In this article, possible flood mitigation strategies are identified
for coping with complex environmental and social decisions with flood risk involved. 相似文献
22.
Matthew J. Spittal Frank H. Walkey John McClure Richard J. Siegert Kimberley E. Ballantyne 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(1):15-29
Preparedness is a key dependent variable in many studies examining people’s response to disasters such as earthquakes. A feature
of many studies on this issue, however, is the lack of attention given to psychometric issues when constructing measures of
preparedness. With regard to earthquake preparation, for example, many studies could be greatly improved by the use of a valid
and reliable measure of preparedness. This research developed such a measure that assessed both low-level preparedness, such
as having an emergency kit, and high-level preparedness, such as altering home structures to mitigate damage. Studies of Wellington
(New Zealand) residents using two samples totalling n=652 showed that 23 items measuring these different aspects of earthquake preparation could be combined into a reliable, valid,
unifactorial scale. This brief scale should have utility in multivariate studies of earthquake preparation, either as a dependent
variable, where preparation is the outcome variable of primary interest, or as one of several independent variables, where
preparation and other measures predict another outcome variable. 相似文献
23.
滑坡是现代公路、铁路等交通基建工程面临的一个难题。尤其是在重丘、山地等地段修筑公路工程极易出现滑坡地质灾害。这些滑坡的成因以及相关的边坡稳定性分析目前处于半理论、半经验状态。文章基于学堂湾滑坡的地理位置及地质环境条件,从滑坡区地质环境条件、滑坡周界、滑坡体与滑带的物质结构特征、滑床、滑坡变形破坏迹象等,深入分析了学堂湾滑坡的变形特征。在此基础上探讨了滑坡成因,指出大量的雨水和不合理的施工扰动是滑坡发育的外因;坡体本身的地质条件如岩石的裂隙、岩土体的透水性以及水的疏导条件等是其内因。文章将宏观定性分析与定量计算相结合,对滑坡稳定性进行了分析和评价。结合工程实际对滑坡治理措施进行了初步研究,取得了一些满意的效果。 相似文献
24.
江西省宜春城区地面塌陷特征及防治建议 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
宜春城区属岗阜低丘地形,分布石炭系-二叠系覆盖型及裸露型碳酸盐岩,占城区面积近70%。浅部岩溶发育,覆盖层厚度一般小于20m,土洞较多,基岩面起伏大,第四系岩性结构复杂,地下水埋藏浅。由于抽采地下水及建筑施工振动等人为因素影响,诱发地面塌陷12处,造成重大经济损失。在城市规划功能布局时应充分考虑地面塌陷的易发程度及场地建设适宜性;应限制诱发塌陷因素的强度,在易发区须严格控制地下水开采,严禁新建开采井;塌陷治理的主要方法有填堵、跨越、灌注、深基础控制抽排水强度、及其它综合治理或避让方法,同时做好灾害的监测预报工作。 相似文献
25.
Midstream of the Keelung River Basin in Northern Taiwan has become highly urbanized and densely populated area. Flood inundation
along riversides frequently occurred during typhoons or rainstorms. Three protection measures, including constructions of
high-level protection levees, a diversion channel, and a detention reservoir, were proposed for flood mitigation. The main
purpose of this study is to evaluate the flood mitigation performance of the three proposed structural measures by using combined
hydrologic analyses and hydraulic routings. A semi-distributed parallel-type linear reservoirs rainfall-runoff model was used
for estimating the surface runoff. Furthermore, a 1-D dynamic channel routing model was coupled with a two-dimensional inundation
model to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of river flooding and overland flow. Simulation results of flood stages, runoff
peak discharges, and inundation extent under design rainfall scenarios were chosen as the criteria for evaluation. The results
showed a diversion channel is superior to the other two measures for flood mitigation of the study area. After the process
of environmental impact assessment, a revised diversion channel approach has been approved for construction as the major structural
measure. 相似文献
26.
滑坡及危岩(崩塌)防治工程措施选择与工程设置 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
滑坡和危岩(崩塌)治理工程措施较多,措施组合可变性大,每种工程措施都有其相应的应用条件,不宜性、适宜性和最佳配置组合。治理工程措施选择应充分考虑治理工程功能性的具体要求、在不同工况条件下的安全性及耐久性、工期要求和投资的经济性以及后期维护的要求、工程岩土体性质及其蓄水后的变化、场地条件、施工技术条件、地方材料资源等具体制约因素以及环境保护的要求。在三峡水库区二期地质灾害防治工程国家级验收总结的基础上,对滑坡与危岩(崩塌)常用防治工程措施(排水、削方减载、回填压脚、抗滑桩、重力式抗滑挡墙、预应力锚索、格构锚固、拦石墙等)的工程适用条件、工程设置及不宜性进行了详细的分析,并提出工程设置应考虑及注意的问题。 相似文献
27.
结合项目施工管理的经验,从建立项目管理班子、项目评估和合同评审签订、人力资源的优化配置、强化劳务管理、责任成本管理、建立激励约束机制六个方面来探讨加强工程项目管理办法,并同时提出了加强工程项目管理的具体措施与建议. 相似文献
28.
徐汉斌 《地质灾害与环境保护》2002,13(1):26-28
成都外环路高速公路东半环超过有20km的路段处在成都粘土分布区,针对成都粘土的易滑性,本文提出了全封闭的浆砌片石护坡,土钉墙,非全封闭的锚杆框架护坡,钢纤维混凝土喷锚全封闭护坡,重力式挡土墙等五种方法处理成都粘土路堑边坡工程,施工实践表明,这些方法行之有效,在该类土的边坡防护中值得推广。 相似文献
29.
As a legacy of the centrally planned economy, the economies in transition of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have a unique
potential to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions through the improvement in their high energy intensities. Since much of
this `low-hanging fruit' in energy-efficiency improvements can be highly cost-effective, many developed countries facing difficulties
in meeting their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets domestically are eager to find such opportunities in the CEE region.
Therefore, studies analysing the potentials and costs of carbon dioxide reduction through technology improvement in the region
have come into the limelight. While there are a few excellent studies in the region aimed at analysing climate change abatement
potentials, they all embark on different assumptions, methodologies and boundary conditions. It is hence difficult, if not
impossible, to compare and analyse the results of these studies across different authors, countries or time horizons. Consequently,
the purpose of this paper is to place four leading studies on GHG mitigation through technology improvement from the CEE region
into an internationally comparable framework. Four studies were selected from three countries, Poland, Hungary and Estonia,
which are all the results of major national and international efforts to assess costs and potentials of GHG reduction. The
paper places their assumptions, methods and final results into a framework which enables policy-makers and project designers
to compare these across geographical and technological boundaries. Since other studies from around the globe have been analysed
in this framework in the literature, this paper provides a vehicle for the findings of these four studies to be compared to
others worldwide. In addition, the paper highlights a few areas where similar studies to be completed in the future in the
region may be enhanced by incorporating features used in GHG mitigation research in other parts of the world.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
30.