山区综合开发试点贷款管理难点及对策

国家于1996年确定了全国35个贫困山区综合开发试点县,并建立了山区综合开发试点贷款这一新信贷种类.通过分析该工作在试点阶段遇到的一些问题和管理难点,提出了改进管理工作的指导思想和对策措施     

国内地质灾害机理与防治技术研究现状

根据2013年4月10～12日在北京召开的第六届全国地质灾害与防治学术会议的特邀报告、主题报告以及论文集所报道的目前国内地质灾害机理与防治技术现状,分别从地质灾害成灾机理与减灾对策、地质灾害监测预警、地质灾害防治技术与应急处置、区域地质灾害风险管理与评价等4个方面进行简要介绍和分析。这些方面的研究成果代表了目前国内地质灾害机理与防治技术研究的现状和发展方向,对促进我国今后的地质灾害机理与防治技术研究有一定的积极作用。     

祁连山区天然草原退化原因分析与可持续利用对策

天然草原是畜牧业发展的重要物质基础，由于缺乏有效的制度安排和技术创新，人类无节制的赢利活动加剧了草原退化，导致了西部生态环境的恶化。论文以祁连山区的肃南县为例，通过对天然草原退化现状的调查研究，剖析了祁连山区草原生态环境保护与经济发展之间的突出问题和草原退化的深层原因，提出了天然草原永续利用的对策。     

An Analysis of the Recent Severe Storm Surge Disaster Events in China

The economic loss caused by the storm surgedisasters is much higher than that caused by anyother marine disaster in China, the loss from the severestorm surge disaster being the highest. Statistics showthat there were 62 typhoon landings over the east-southeastcoast of China since 1990, three of which,occurring in 1992, 1994 and 1997, respectively, caused themost severe damage. The direct economic lossesdue to these events are 9.3, 17.0 and 30 billion yuan(RMB, or about 1.7, 2.6 and 3.8 billion USD,respectively), which is much greater than the loss of 5.5billion yuan (RMB) on an average every year duringthe 1989–1991 period. This paper makes a comparativeanalysis of the damage caused by the three events andpresents an overview of progress of precautions againststorm surge disaster in China. The suggestedcounter measures to mitigate the loss from the severe stormsurge disasters in China is as follows: (1) Raisethe whole society awareness of precaution against severestorm surge disaster; (2) Work out a new plan forbuilding sea walls; (3) Improve and perfect the availablewarning and disaster relief command system; (4)Develop the insurance service in order to promptly mitigatethe loss caused by severe storm surge disaster event.     

The geotechnical effects of long human habitation (2000< years): Earthquake induced landslide hazard in the city of Zefat, northern Israel

This work studies the effects of long human habitation on site geotechnical conditions. It is focused on the city of Zefat that is located on the borders of the Dead Sea Transform in northern Israel. The city of Zefat, suffered severe damage and loss of life in historical earthquakes, as a consequence of earthquake induced landslides (EILS). In this work we evaluate the current EILS hazard for the city of Zefat using a GIS-based regional Newmark analysis, with calibration of the calculated Newmark displacement (representing EILS hazard) using maps of field evidence and historical documents testifying to slope instability that occurred in historical earthquakes.

We found that the core city of Zefat is built on a layered anthropogenic material, few meters deep which, was deposited as a result of more than 2000 years of human habitation. The anthropogenic material is mechanically weak, susceptible to slope failure and to amplification of seismic-shaking. It is responsible for the city's devastation in historical earthquakes and it is the source for the current high seismic hazard as well.

Our model shows that earthquakes of magnitudes (M_w) 5, 6 and 7 at distances of up to 10 km, 50 km and more than 100 km, respectively, are likely to induce landslides in the core city of Zefat. The current engineering status of the city is poor, and as a consequence severe damage and loss of life are expected in future earthquakes due to EILS, unless major engineering efforts are made. Cities in the Eastern Mediterranean with comparable long habitation histories (e.g., Jerusalem, Tiberias, Nablus, Amman) are expected to have similar geotechnical problems in their old sections and are advised to take appropriate engineering steps to reduce damage and loss of life in future earthquakes.

Evaluation of historical earthquake magnitudes based on reported local-damage may, however, lead to overestimated magnitudes where the damaged sites are built on anthropogenic talus (a common setting in the vicinity of the Dead Sea Transform).     

黄河源区生态环境退化研究

生态环境退化是黄河源区所面临的重要的生态问题和社会经济问题。源区生态环境退化不但影响本区经济的可持续发展,而且对中下游地区的生态环境和水文条件构成很大威胁。在收集区内现有研究成果的基础上,通过对2000年TM影像的解译,对黄河源区生态环境退化现状和特征作了全面系统的研究。源区生态环境退化主要表现在冰川退缩、冻土面积的减小和冻融侵蚀面积的扩大,植被退化和土地退化的加剧等过程。最后,在分析未来气候变化和人类活动的基础上,对生态环境变化趋势作了预测。     

一体化综合减灾智能服务系统研究

针对目前我国减灾服务重决策轻预警,减灾服务技术、系统、应用集成不够,尚缺乏完善的一体化综合减灾智能服务体系现状。该文从测绘地理信息视角,分析了室内外一体化应急定位、多源应急数据融合、灾害场景可视化、灾害模型分析服务等关键技术,构建了一体化综合减灾智能服务原型系统,并在国家基础地理信息中心和陕西省的相关应急部门进行了实际应用,实现了应急信息的一体化感知、定位、融合、分析、服务,为我国综合减灾决策分析提供了技术支撑。     

广东产业和劳动力双转移的效应与对策分析

采用实地调查、统计年鉴资料和区域差异分析等方法,对区域GDP总量、财政收入和居民生活水平,以及三次产业结构作比较分析。结果显示,广东区域发展失衡、经济水平悬殊、产业结构不协调、环境压力加大;在此基础上,通过产业和劳动力的空间双转移形式,带来工业产值增长的经济效应,扩大人口就业的社会效应,减轻环境压力的生态效应,达到经济要素结合的空间效应,但仍存在以行政力量和政区为主导与框架、市场调控乏力,转移空间狭小、劳动者素质偏低等问题。就此提出建立合理的产业地域分工体系、提升和协调四大经济区水平与区域关系,扩大双转移范围,发挥华侨、港澳作用,加强劳力培训等改进与完善双转移的对策和措施。     

莱芜市钢城区农村宅基地登记发证存在的问题及对策

在当前农村宅基地登记发证中存在着违法用地、产权不清晰、一户多宅、跨区域购房等问题,这些问题与宅基地使用权有效行使不相适应。要加强宣传发动,加强宅基地的管理和登记的政策研究,制定可行的政策与措施,其中尤其要加强对"一户多宅"问题的处理。     

贵港市矿业发展现状与对策

文章从贵港市矿产资源情况出发 ,通过对开发现状及存在问题的分析 ,探讨保证资源的合理开发和永续利用 ,为经济建设提供物质支撑的理念 ,提出了矿业可持续发展的对策。