采用逻辑回归的汾河流域遗址分布研究

为了更好地指导考古挖掘和理解古人类活动,该文从汾河流域DEM数据中提取高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、地表曲率、距河流距离及距大遗址距离等作为自变量,利用二元逻辑回归建立流域内仰韶时期至夏商时期各时期遗址分布模型,对模型结果进行了定量分析并生成了汾河流域各时期遗址分布概率图,在此基础上对汾河流域人类文化遗址的分布特征进行研究。遗址分布模型总体分类精度较好。遗址分布模型对考古工作及古环境研究具有重要价值,可以为考古工作提供决策支持。     

红河断裂带闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布特征研究

利用1999~2013年青藏高原东南缘的GPS速度场观测数据,采用DEFNODE程序反演红河断裂带走滑速率、三维闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布。反演结果表明:红河断裂带北、中、南段右旋走滑速率分别约为(5.9±1.2)mm/a,(4.8±0.6)mm/a和(4.3±0.4)mm/a,在地表以下6km的闭锁程度分别为0.43,0.22和0.25,其滑动亏损速率分别为3.3mm/a,2.6mm/a和2.3mm/a,红河断裂带闭锁程度和应变积累程度都比较低,与近年来红河断裂带整体活动微弱的现状相吻合。     

基于CBERS的黄河湿地生物量反演研究

本研究以黄河湿地郑州段为研究区,利用RS与GIS技术,基于2009年5月7日获得的CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像和地面实测植被生物量信息,采用回归算法构建反演模型,经对比分析得到最优计算模型。结果表明,反演模型计算精度达到86.32%,利用CBERS 2B卫星CCD多光谱遥感影像可满足植被生物量的反演需要。     

An improved dark object method to retrieve 500 m-resolution AOT (Aerosol Optical Thickness) image from MODIS data: A case study in the Pearl River Delta area,China

This paper presents an improved Dark Dense Vegetation (DDV) method for retrieving 500 m-resolution aerosol optical depth (AOT) based on MOD04-C005 arithmetic with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The improvements include change of the movement pattern of retrieval window, selection of a more suitable aerosol type, and storage of the look-up table. The method is then applied to obtain the AOT over the Pearl River Delta region (PRD). By comparing the results with the co-temporal ground sunphotometer observations in 2010, the correlation coefficient is found to be 0.794 with RMSE 0.139 and their variations remain consistent. Contrasts between model values in 2008 and MODIS AOT products in the same date also reveal a high accuracy of the improved DDV method. We also performed sensitivity tests to analyze the impacts of several parameters on apparent reflectance at different bands, and the results show that apparent reflectance is much more sensitive to surface reflectance and AOT than to elevation.     

引黄入晋工程的桩号系统设计与应用

对于象引黄入晋工程这样的由多个混凝土建筑物紧密且“硬性”衔接而成的,高精度、超长线路工程来说,村号系统设计是一个十分重要且具有实际应用意义的问题,为了避免高斯投影误差与高程投影误差对桩号的影响,解决桩号方面由此而引起的矛盾,以及满足工程远程运营管理对桩号的要求,作者提出了在工程的勘测设计、施工和运营管理等阶段中,应分别使用设计桩号、施工桩号和管理桩号,这３种桩号就构成了超长线路工程的桩号系统。文中     

国产高分辨率卫星数据在黄河防凌监测中应用

自2002～2003年度首次启用遥感技术监测黄河凌情以来,到目前已连续进行了10个年度。10个年度的生产实践表明:国产高分辨率卫星遥感数据能够有效跟踪黄河凌情的发展过程,实现黄河凌情的日动态监测、重点时段的精细监测和突发凌汛灾害时的实时监测。黄河凌情尤其在封开河阶段,日变化非常显著,中巴资源卫星作为国产高分辨率可见光民用遥感卫星的代表,以其大视场、高空间、高时间分辨率的特点,动态监测凌情,基本做到每天实现一次全覆盖监测的能力,配合其他如中国遥感卫星等高分辨率可见光、雷达数据,初步实现了凌情发展预估、开河前的河道槽蓄水量计算、封开河期间冰凌险情监测以及发生凌汛灾害时灾情信息采集与评估,为黄河防凌调度、决策会商提供了有力的技术支持。     

西藏班公湖-怒江板块结合带岩金遥感找矿模式

西藏班公湖-怒江板块结合带地质构造复杂,成矿条件优越,具备形成金矿的地质背景条件,是西藏最具潜力和规模巨大的贵金属成矿带.但由于该区地质工作程度较低和对成矿规律认识不清,至今没有一个可供开发的岩金矿产地.通过班公湖-怒江板块结合带砂金、岩金矿(化)点,地球化学异常和重砂异常的分布并进行控矿因子分析,建立了该带两种岩金遥感找矿模式,通过验证发现该区具有大型远景规模的岩金矿产地,并认为蚀变岩型金矿和穆龙套型金矿是该带最重要的两种矿床类型,具有巨大的找矿潜力.     

Use of multitemporal remote sensing data for mapping the Alfios River network changes from 1977 to 2000

Alfios is the biggest river of the Peloponnese and the ninth longest river in Greece. It drains an area of almost 2575 km² in Western Peloponnese and discharges at Kiparissiakos Gulf. Due to its extent, the Alfios basin presents complex physiography and geomorphology.

During the last 50 years, major direct human activities have had an important impact on the river network shape and on the valley floor morphology. The most important human activities were the channel straightening caused by meander cut-offs in 1950, the construction of two dams: the Ladonas dam in 1955 and the Flokas dam in 1968 and the illegal in-stream gravel extraction that started in the 1960s and continues until today. As a result, the Alfios riverbed has presented very rapid vertical and horizontal (lateral) erosion and significant changes to its network shape. The drainage network follows a straighter course, the number of meanders has been reduced and the seventh order branch is deeply incised. Besides the morphological impacts to the river network shape there are also serious economic damages caused by human activity. During the winter of 1999, the Flokas dam bridge was closed for a long period due to damages at its foundation caused by the heavy rain and illegal gravel extraction. Transportation between the villages in the area became extremely difficult and time consuming and the cost of the repairs was estimated at 500 000 euros. In this study, there is an effort to map the network shape transformation for the period 1977–2000 using multitemporal and multisensor satellite images. One Landsat MSS image, three Landsat TM images, two Landsat ETM images, and one Terra ASTER image have been orthorectified and processed in order to cover the specific period. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques have been applied to map the changes in the Alfios River channel. The drainage network straightening and the cut-off of five big meanders were detected and mapped. These changes occurred between 1986 and 2000.     

岷江上游流域环境脆弱性评价

以岷江上游流域TM遥感数据和地形数据为主要数据源,结合其他统计相关资料,尝试运用层次分析法(analytic hierarchy process,AHP)对复杂因素构成的脆弱性特征进行层次分解和重新构造,建立多目标要素的综合评价指标体系和模型。选取植被指数变化率、人口密度、地形起伏度、坡度及土壤类型5个要素作为评价指标因子,通过AHP确定各评价指标的权重,在Arc GIS平台下将各指标图层进行叠加分析,得出岷江上游区域环境脆弱性评价图,再根据环境脆弱性指数阈值分级,将研究区环境脆弱度分为5级。结果表明:岷江上游环境脆弱性表现较为强烈,自然因素和人文因素是造成该环境脆弱性的本质原因,该方法为岷江上游流域环境脆弱性模式和生态环境综合评价提供了一种定量分析的思路。     

基于遥感图像的湿地生态系统健康评价

黄河三角洲湿地是我国暖温带最完整、最广阔、最年轻的湿地生态系统.文中以遥感数据为基础,基于压力一状态一响应框架构建湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,并运用熵权模糊物元的方法对研究区东营市河口区和垦利县湿地进行评价.研究表明,1997年、2001年、2006年的生态系统健康评价综合得分分别为0.6388、0.7361和0.8...