厦门西海域拟疏浚沉积物中重金属含量及潜在生态危害评价

报道了厦门西海域拟疏浚沉积物中的重金属含量水平及分布,并对其污染状况进行了潜在生态危害评价,为进一步开展疏浚物去污染技术研究提供了科学依据.研究结果表明：与其他海域的相比,马銮湾及其湾口外、筼筜湖的Cd、Hg、Cr、Zn含量较高.综合来看,厦门西海域拟疏浚沉积物重金属含量不很高（RI＜150）,属于轻微生态危害.但东渡码头外的X4站、马銮湾M2站沉积物中的Cd,及马銮湾M2站和筼筜湖Y2站沉积物中的Hg含量（40≤Er ＜80）都达到中等生态危害程度.     

Birds, seals and the suspension culture of mussels in Bantry Bay, a non-seaduck area in Southwest Ireland

Concerns about the environmental impacts of mariculture have grown in recent years in response to the rapid expansion of the industry. The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) is the main product of shellfish mariculture in the Northeast Atlantic and Baltic Sea, with approximately one third of the harvest cultured using suspended longlines within sheltered marine areas. The main aim of this study was to examine the interactions, and assess the impacts (if any) of mussel suspension culture on the seabird and seal community, employing a simultaneous study of culture and control sites. The study spanned a 20-month period (from November 2001 to August 2003) and encompassed six sites in Bantry Bay (Southwest Ireland).There was no significant difference in species richness between mussel and control sites. Similarly, species diversity did not significantly differ between the mussel and control sites although control sites were generally more diverse than mussel sites, the latter particularly dominated by large numbers of Laridae.Significantly higher numbers of Phalacrocoracidae, Laridae and Alcidae were recorded in mussel sites than in control sites. However, no significant difference was found between Gaviidae or common seal (Phoca vitulina) numbers in mussel and control sites. Seasonal patterns of abundance were similar in mussel and control sites, with peak numbers of most species groups occurring in spring.Mussel suspension culture does not appear to have an adverse effect on the abundance of seabirds or common seals in this area. The safe perching platforms provided by suspension culture floats, combined with a number of other factors, contribute to an increased abundance of a number of seabird species, particularly Laridae. The possible interactions between vertebrate predators and mussel suspension aquaculture are discussed and possible explanations for the increased seabird abundance observed in these areas are offered.     

超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律及其研究意义

为了研究超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律,在超压形成与演化分析的基础上,通过超压演化规律的定量研究,对超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律进行了定量研究,结果表明超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化是按阶段进行的,每一次超压释放表明上一次封闭性演化阶段的结束,下一次封闭性演化阶段的开始,每一次演化过程中封闭性逐渐增强,在超压释放期封闭性降至最低点。研究超压泥岩盖层封闭性演化规律不仅可以准确评价目前封闭能力和预测封闭能力演化,而且还可以研究封闭油气的有效性。实例应用结果表明,古龙凹陷嫩一、二段超压泥岩盖层目前已刚刚结束第3阶段演化,开始第4阶段演化,具6.0 MPa的超压。随着演化进行,超压值将继续增大,封闭性继续增强。嫩一、二段超压盖层封闭性演化史与青山口组源岩生烃史匹配关系较好,可封闭住青山口组源岩生成的大量油气,有利于青山口组源岩生成的油气在萨、葡、高油层中聚集和保存。     

新型船舶尾轴密封装置设计

本文提出了一种唇口斜置,唇部带双回流的新型船舶尾轴密封环,并介绍了这种环的结构原理、理论分析和设计方法。     

Elemental and Isotopic Signatures in the Sediments Influenced by Seal Excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula and Their Po- tential Paleoecological Applications

The elemental and isotopic signatures in the sediments influenced by seal excrement on Antarctic Fildes Peninsula are examined for their potential palaeoecologlcal applications. The seal hair abundance in sediments exhibits remarkable fluctuation versus depth, indicating similar changes in historical populations of the seals visiting the marine terrace. The combination of δ^13 C, total organic carbon concentration （TOC）, total nitrogen concentration （TN） and atomic C/N ratio shows that the organic matters in sediments with numerous seal hairs have a marine origin and are predominantly derived from seal excrements. The large δ15 N values in sediments are attributed to trophic enrichment and NH3 vollatilization processes. The large variations in the δ^15 N values and the negative correlation between the δ15 N values and the seal hair abundances seem to be the results of changes in the paleoclimates and the volatilization rates of the ammonia produced in the seal excrements. The 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments are interpreted as a mixture of the ones from the seal excrements （30%-50%） and the chemically weathered local bedrocks （70%-50%）. The calculated proportion of seal-derived Sr based on the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios has a significant correlation with seal hair abundances in sediments. These results suggest that δ15 N values and the ^87 Sr/^86 Sr ratios in the acid-soluble fraction of sediments were influenced by seal excrements, similar to seal halt numbers, and thus can potentially be used to estimate the historical seal population in the Antarctic region.     

断层对辽河盆地杜229断块超稠油成藏与生产的影响

为了寻求解决辽河盆地杜229断块超稠油油藏在开采过程中水侵严重影响生产的问题,通过研究该区块构造演化史,分析了断层在超稠油成藏过程中的作用,认为该区块的边界断层对油气成藏起侧向封堵作用,后期小断层使油藏复杂化。根据水性分析和示踪剂监测资料,推断水侵的主要原因是部分断层的不封闭。建议在以后超稠油开发生产中,生产井段要距不封闭断层70 m以上。     

直流无刷电机驱动的水下电缆绞车系统

水下电缆绞车多采用液压驱动,但液压驱动存在无效动力转换,能源使用率不高,因此直流无刷电机驱动的水下电缆绞车具有实际意义。采用直流无刷电机驱动,不仅提高了水下电缆绞车系统的能源利用率,而且改善了系统的调速性能。与直流有刷电机相比,直流无刷电机可实现充油均压密封,更有利于在水下工作。介绍了直流无刷电机驱动水下电缆绞车的组成、功能及工作原理,针对研制的专用水下直流无刷电机,重点论述了其充油密封原理和工艺,并设计了一种全新的低成本高性能驱动控制电路。该水下电缆绞车系统已初步调试完毕,试验表明各项性能良好,即将投入实际应用。它具有结构简单,工作可靠,成本低的优点,因此在实际工程应用中具有推广意义。     

三种绿色印章石的宝石矿物学特征

近两年,我国珠宝市场上出现了大量的＂西安绿＂＂丹东绿＂等绿色印材,其多被用来仿冒绿色寿山石（＂月尾绿＂）,并以高价售卖。采用X射线粉末衍射仪,电感耦合等离子质谱仪,扫描电子显微镜等测试仪器,对＂西安绿＂＂丹东绿＂的矿物组成、化学成分以及微观结构进行分析,并与寿山＂月尾绿＂的宝石矿物学特征进行了对比。结果表明,＂月尾绿＂主要由铬云母组成,Cr,Fe元素是其呈浅绿色并略带灰黄色调的主要原因之一;＂西安绿＂主要由伊利石组成,其Cr,V元素的质量分数远高于＂月尾绿＂中的,且前者几乎不含Fe元素,这可能是其呈艳丽绿色的主要原因;＂丹东绿＂主要由斜绿泥石组成,Fe元素的质量分数较高且几乎不含Cr元素,致使其呈现较深的暗绿色。扫描电子显微镜的观察结果发现,与＂月尾绿＂相比,＂西安绿＂中伊利石的片晶厚、粒度小,＂丹东绿＂中斜绿泥石的片晶薄、堆积紧密,挠性发育。这三种绿色印章石在绿色色调、光泽、密度、内含物等方面存在不少的差异,可作为其鉴别特征。     

南极乔治王岛象海豹数量的初步估计

本文通过对南极乔治王岛象海豹数量的观察,初步估计了该处的种群数量;期望能为南极象海豹资源的开发和利用提供依据。     

Change of Back Siltation in Lianyungang Harbor before and after Completion of the West Breakwater

—On the basis of a comparison of the field hydrological,sediment and topographic data observedbefore and after the completion of the West Breakwater in Lianyungang Harbor,which has led to the changeof topography from a strait to a bay,a synthetical analysis is conducted on the change of back siltation.Theresults show that it is the change of coast line and the consequent change of hydrological condition and sedi-ment movement that has led to the change of back siltation in the harbor.This phenomenon is caused by thelag effects of water current,sediment movement and local adjustment of topography after the construction,and it tends to be stable.The results of analysis provide not only a basis for extension of Lianyungang Harborinto a deep water harbor,but also propose a case for the study of the change of back siltation in a harbor onmuddy coast.